Metal forming processes operate in conditions of uncertainty due to parameter variation and imperfect understanding. This uncertainty leads to a degradation of product properties from customer specifications, which can be reduced by the use of closed-loop control. A framework of analysis is presented for understanding closed-loop control in metal forming, allowing an assessment of current and future developments in actuators, sensors and models. This leads to a survey of current and emerging applications across a broad spectrum of metal forming processes, and a discussion of likely developments
For characterising formability of sheet metal materials several testing methods have been developed during recent years. The most common way to estimate formability of sheet metal parts is the so called Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) method. But forming limits under bending cannot be described by the conventional FLC. This contribution reveals possibilities of an experimental characterisation of material's bendability. Furthermore, an approach concerning the characterisation of formability under simultaneous drawing and bending for various sheet thicknesses is given.
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