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Background/Aim Prevalence and demographic characteristics of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) differ in different countries. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess TDI in primary and permanent teeth among children and adolescents who presented to the Department of Paediatric Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, during the last 5 years. Material and Methods Dental records of 236 new patients who presented with dento‐alveolar trauma to the Postgraduate Dental Clinic from 1/1/2014 to 31/12/2019 were reviewed. Data recorded were gender, age, month of the year the injury occurred, type of trauma, and number of traumatized teeth. Injuries were classified as fracture, luxation, or combination injuries. Descriptive statistics, chi‐squared (x2), and Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the results. Level of significance was set at 5%. Results The age of the patients ranged from 1 to 18 years old, with a mean of 8.63 years (SD: 3.52). There were 395 anterior traumatized teeth and 2 cases with traumatized posterior teeth. Children suffered trauma more often at the ages of 5 years, 7 years, and 11 years. In this cohort, 60% were boys who had a higher chance of having trauma than girls (odds ratio = 1.418 95% CI = 0.724, 2.777). Most TDI occurred in March and May, followed by June and February, and most traumatized teeth were permanent (80%). Maxillary central incisors in both dentitions were injured most often and significantly more compared to lateral incisors (p < 0 .01). The most common type of injury was a fracture in the permanent dentition (60%) and luxation injuries (69%) in the primary dentition. Conclusions Traumatic dental injuries in this cohort occurred mostly in spring, affected boys more than girls, permanent teeth more than primary teeth, maxillary incisors more than mandibular incisors, and central incisors more than lateral incisors, while children aged 5, 7, and 11 years old had the most injuries.

Children treated with asthma drugs for asthma-like episodes at a preschool age showed an overall increased risk for developing enamel defects in their first permanent molars. Severe hypoplastic lesions with loss of enamel was a frequent finding among affected molars.

Objective: To assess the caries risk profiles in 2- to 6-year-old Greek children using a computerbased program and to evaluate the contribution of various risk factors.Methods: The study group consisted of 814 preschool children. A questionnaire on family, demographic and socioeconomic factors, general health, oral hygiene and dietary behavior was completed by the parents. Children were examined for cavitated and white-spot lesions (WSL). Salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and buffer capacity were estimated. Caries risk profiles were assessed with Cariogram.Results:Cavitated lesions were found in 30% of the children; WSL were found in 26% of those included. MS and low buffer capacity were detected in 28% and 26% of the children, respectively. The majority (70%) displayed neglected oral hygiene. Based on the questionnaires, 83% of the children had a cariogenic diet, and 17% did not use any form of fluoride. The Cariogram revealed that 26% of the children had high caries risk, while only 9% exhibited low caries risk. The most significant caries risk variables, determined by regression analysis (R2=0.88), were insufficient fluoride exposure (! =0.160) and the presence of WSL (!= 0.159).Conclusions: One-fourth of the children were categorised as high caries risk. The presence of WSL and lack of fluoride exposure were the most significant caries risk determinants. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:415-421)

Based on the results of this study, there was a lack of knowledge among preschool teachers in significant OH issues for that age. Moreover, limitations in implementing OH educational programmes at preschools were attributed mainly to lack of self-confidence in relevant knowledge. Nevertheless, participants acknowledged the significance of OH and were willing to participate in relevant teacher training.

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Background Caries risk assessment in preschool children has been limited validated. Aim To validate caries predictive ability of Cariogram using different combinations of factors and settings in preschool children from areas with high caries risk. Design Two to five years old children (N = 175) were examined for caries (cavitated and non‐cavitated lesions), at baseline and after 1 and 2 years. Mutans streptococci counts (MS) and saliva buffer capacity (SBC) were measured with chair side tests. Diet and oral health attitude were assessed through a parental questionnaire. Baseline caries risk was calculated using standard and high‐risk group variables in Cariogram either with nine factors or excluding MS and SBC. Poisson regression models, ROC analysis and information criteria (AIC and BIC), P < 0.05, were used to investigate the predictive ability of Cariograms and to quantify the associations. Results Accuracy of Cariogram was found limited. Cariograms with MS showed higher sensitivity but lower specificity than those without bacterial counts. Standard set Cariograms with MS counts performed slightly better than the other models, but the difference was not statistically significant. Caries prediction with standard and high set Cariograms was also found limited. Conclusions Cariogram with various factors and settings displayed suboptimal ability to predict caries in this population.

Background: Caries risk assessment in preschool children is poorly validated in prospective studies. Aim: To validate the Bangkok checklist (BCL) in predicting caries development in a cohort of preschool children from low and moderate socioeconomic areas and compare it with two established risk assessment tools. Design: We followed 146 preschool children, aged 2-5 years for 2 years. At baseline, the caries risk category (low, moderate, high) was determined with three checklists: (a) BCL, (b) American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry form (CRAF), and (c) CariesManagement By Risk Assessment (CAMBRA). Data were collected from questionnaires and clinical examinations. Caries increment was recorded by counting the number of surfaces that changed from sound to decayed. We used Kendall's tau, Poisson regression models and ROC analysis to assess the predictive ability of the different checklists. Results: Over 50% of the children developed new caries on a yearly basis. The BCL assigned the majority of the children (87%) into the high-risk category. Sensitivity was 88% but specificity was low (16%). Accuracy of BCL was similar to CRAF but inferior to CAMBRA. Conclusions: Bangkok checklist had a very limited performance in accurately predicting future early childhood caries in this population.