Objective  To analyze the influence of three pigment incorporation methods on color change, dimensional stability, and detail reproduction of the MDX4–4210 and A-2186 silicones. Materials and Methods  The A-2186 and MDX4–4210 silicones were used for preparation of samples, with the incorporation of bronze, black and pink pigments, usingconventional, mechanical, and industrial incorporation methods. Samples were submitted to the initial readings of color ( n = 10; 22-mm diameter × 2-mm thickness), detail reproduction, and dimensional stability ( n = 10; 30-mm diameter × 3-mm thickness). Readings were also taken at the end of 252, 504 and 1,008 hours of aging cycles. Results  Quantitative data were evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey test, with a level of significance of 5%. The mechanical and industrial methods caused smaller color changes of all samples compared with the conventional method ( p < 0.05). In most cases, the mechanical and industrial methods caused less samples’ contraction than the conventional method after aging ( p < 0.05). The color change values increased progressively in each aging period for all samples ( p < 0.05). The contraction values increased progressively in each aging period for all samples ( p < 0.05). In the qualitative analysis of detail reproduction, all samples presented full reproduction of the three grooves, with accurate angles, initially and after the aging periods. Conclusions  The industrial and mechanical methods showed the best results for color and dimensional stability. Despite the statistical differences, all pigment incorporation methods generated acceptable dimensional and color changes of the MDX4-4210 and A-2186 silicones, regardless of the pigment and aging. In addition, the detail reproduction was satisfactory after aging periods in all cases of this study, showing the excellent quality of the A-2186 and MDX4–4210 silicones.

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tear strength of MDX4-4210 and A-2186 silicones with different intrinsic pigments incorporated by mechanical and industrial methods, comparing nonaged and aged groups. Materials and Methods. Twenty-four groups were created according to the American Society for Testing and Materials D-624/type C, half nonaged and half aged (n = 10): bronze mechanical MDX4-4210, bronze industrial MDX4-4210, black mechanical MDX4-4210, black industrial MDX4-4210, pink mechanical MDX4-4210, pink industrial MDX4-4210, bronze mechanical A-2186, bronze industrial A-2186, black mechanical A-2186, black industrial A-2186, pink mechanical A-2186, and pink industrial A-2186. All specimens were submitted to tear strength analysis. Data were submitted to the ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). Results. An increase in the tear strength values was observed only for the bronze and black MDX4-4210, comparing nonaged and aged silicones (p<0.05), regardless of the manufacturing method. There was a difference in all comparisons between MDX4-4210 and A-2186 silicones with the same pigment type (p<0.05), regardless of the manufacturing method. In all cases, there was no difference in the manufacturing method comparing the MDX4-4210 or A-2186 groups with the same pigment. Conclusion. Accelerated aging did not influence the tear strength in all aged A-2186 silicones and in aged pink industrial and mechanical MDX4-4210 silicones. The other MDX4-4210 groups had an increase in the results after aging. In all cases compared, the A-2186 groups had higher tear strength values than the MDX4-4210 groups. Mechanical and industrial methods can be used for silicone preparation, without changing the tear strength.

OBJETIVO: identificar a prevalência e os tipos de má oclusão encontrados em crianças dentro da faixa etária de 2 a 4 anos; e correlacionar a presença de más oclusões com a forma de aleitamento e com os hábitos bucais infantis. METODOLOGIA: foram avaliadas por meio de exame clínico 226 crianças de 2 a 4 anos, sendo 100 delas inseridas no programa de prevenção do Centro de Pesquisa e Atendimento a Pacientes Especiais (Cepae) - FOP UNICAMP, e 126 pertencentes a creches municipais da cidade de Piracicaba. Foi também aplicado um questionário dirigido aos responsáveis a respeito dos hábitos infantis e formas de aleitamento, sendo os dados submetidos à análise estatística de Fischer (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: observou-se alta prevalência de más oclusões (superior a 50% da amostra avaliada) e verificou-se uma correlação positiva entre a falta de amamentação natural e hábitos bucais inadequados em relação à presença de más oclusões na amostra analisada. A chupeta revelou-se a variável mais significativa na contribuição para a instalação de más oclusões.

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the color alteration and shore A hardness of a medical silicone with extrinsic pigmentation, before and after accelerated aging. Materials and Methods Twenty samples (Silastic Q7–4735) were made with an intrinsic pigmentation. This intrinsic pigmentation was composed of a pink pigment (H-109-P, Factor II) and an opacifier (ZnO). All samples had standardized dimensions (45-mm diameter and 2-mm thickness). Half of the 20 samples manufactured subsequently received an extrinsic pigment (Tan FE–215, Factor II). Therefore, two groups were created (n = 10): Group 1, group with intrinsic pigmentation and without extrinsic pigmentation (control) and Group 2, group with intrinsic and extrinsic pigmentation. Samples were submitted to color and Shore A hardness tests, before and after 1,008 hours of aging. Statistical Analysis Color alteration data were submitted to Student’s t-test (α = 0.05). Shore A hardness data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (α = 0.05). Results The incorporation of the extrinsic pigment on the silicone did not affect its color (ΔE) when the two groups were compared (p = 0.232). Regarding the hardness test, the interaction between group and period did not interfere with the hardness results(p=0.599). However, the period factor showed that there was a reduction in the hardness of the silicone after aging (p < 0.05). Conclusion In this study, all the hardness and color results of the silicone used were clinically acceptable, regardless of the presence of extrinsic pigmentation.

ResumoIntrodução: O sono é um importante indicador de saúde e sua qualidade pode sofrer influência de diversos fatores, como alterações psicológicas e sociais; ambiente; uso de medicamentos; ingestão alcoólica e a prática regular de atividade física. Porém, ainda não está esclarecido se a atividade física teria efeito positivo sobre os distúrbios de sono mais prevalentes como insônia e apneia do sono. Objetivo: buscar publicações que falam da interação sono e atividade física, e estudos que esclareçam os efeitos da atividade física sobre a qualidade do sono e qualidade de vida. Material e Método: foi feito uma busca na literatura nas bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Scielo, Pubmed e Scopus usando os descritores Exercício; Sono; Qualidade de Vida; Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono. Resultados: foram discutidos sete artigos que abordam o assunto a atividade física como coadjuvante para a qualidade do sono mostrando que atividade física tem ação benéfica. Conclusão: a atividade física melhora a percepção subjetiva e objetiva da qualidade do sono e qualidade de vida, podendo ser utilizada como tratamento terapêutico nos tratamentos dos distúrbios do sono. Descritores: Exercício; Sono; Qualidade de Vida; Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono. AbstractIntroduction: sleep is an important indicator for health, its quality may suffer influences of several factors as psychological and social disturbances, alcohol abuse, environment, drug intake, and, positively, physical activity. However, it is not clear if physical activity would have a positive effect for the most prevalent sleep disorders as insomnia, and sleep apnea. Objective: the aim of this study was to perform a review on the literature which discussed the interaction between sleep and physical activity, regarding the repercussion on sleep quality and quality of life. Material an method: the search strategy included the databases Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Scielo, PubMed and Scopus, using the descriptors: Exercise; Sleep; Quality of Life; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive. Results: seven articles met the inclusion criteria, discussing physical activity as a co-adjuvant treatment, all showing improvement of sleep quality and positive effects on quality of life. Conclusion: physical activity improves subjective perception and objective evaluations of sleep quality and quality of life, and should be considered as a co-adjuvant treatment for sleep disorders.

Objective The aim of this study is to verify the influence of three pigment incorporation methods (conventional, mechanical, and industrial) on the sorption and solubility of the MDX4-4210 and A-2186 silicones. Materials and Methods The groups formed were based on the silicones used (A-2186 and MDX4-4210), intrinsic pigments (pink, bronze, and black), and pigment incorporation methods (conventional, mechanical, and industrial). The dimensions of all samples were 45-mm diameter (ø) × 1-mm thickness. Readings were taken initially and after 1,008 hours of aging. Statistical Analysis Three-way analysis of variance and the Tukey’s test were performed (α = 0.05). Results For sorption and solubility, there was no difference between the incorporation methods for the A-2186 silicone, regardless of the pigment used (p > 0.05). For pink MDX4-4210, the industrial and mechanical methods showed higher values of sorption compared with the conventional method (p < 0.05). For bronze MDX4-4210, the industrial method showed a higher sorption value compared with the conventional and mechanical methods (p < 0.05). For black MDX4-4210, there was no difference between incorporation methods based on sorption (p > 0.05). For pink MDX4-4210, the mechanical method showed a higher solubility value compared with the industrial and conventional methods (p < 0.05). For black MDX4-4210 and bronze MDX4-4210, there was no statistically significant difference between incorporation methods based on solubility (p > 0.05). Conclusion Based on sorption and solubility, for the A-2186 silicone, the conventional, mechanical, and industrial methods of pigment incorporation were equivalent. For the MDX4-4210 silicone, its results of sorption and solubility were varied, and further studies are recommended.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term effects of the standard (Class II) Balters bionator in growing patients with Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrusion by using morphometrics (thin-plate spline [TPS] analysis). Materials and Methods: Twenty-three Class II patients (8 male, 15 female) were treated consecutively with the Balters bionator (bionator group). The sample was evaluated at T0, start of treatment; T1, end of bionator therapy; and T2, long-term observation (including fixed appliances). Mean age at the start of treatment was 10 years 2 months (T0); at posttreatment, 12 years 3 months (T1); and at long-term follow-up, 18 years 2 months (T2). The control group consisted of 22 subjects (11 male, 11 female) with untreated Class II malocclusion. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed at the three time points for all groups. TPS analysis evaluated statistical differences (permutation tests) in the craniofacial shape and size between the bionator and control groups. Results: TPS analysis showed that treatment with the bionator is able to produce favorable mandibular shape changes (forward and downward displacement) that contribute significantly to the correction of the Class II dentoskeletal imbalance. These results are maintained at a long-term observation after completion of growth. The control group showed no statistically significant differences in the correction of Class II malocclusion. Conclusions: This study suggests that bionator treatment of Class II malocclusion produces favorable results over the long term with a combination of skeletal and dentoalveolar shape changes. (Angle Orthod. 2015;85:790-798.)

Objective. To evaluate the influence of different pigmentations and accelerated aging on the hardness and tear strength of the A-2186 and MDX4-4210 silicones. Materials and Methods. The samples A-2186 and MDX4-4210 were manufactured without and with pigmentations (black, bronze, and pink). For the Shore A hardness test, 80 samples of each silicone were fabricated, and for the tear strength test, 320 samples of each silicone were fabricated. Eight groups were created for each test (n = 10). These tests were performed before and after 252, 504, and 1008 hours of aging. Three-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and the Tukey test were performed (α = 0.05). Results. The A-2186 silicone showed higher hardness and tear strength when compared with the MDX4-4210 silicone p<0.05, except in the hardness of the A-2186 and MDX4-4210 groups without pigmentation after 1008 hours p>0.05. All hardness values were between 25 and 35 units, regardless of the silicone type, period, and pigmentation (or no pigmentation). In most situations, the hardness of silicones used increased after 252 hours p<0.05. The nonpigmented MDX4-4210 group and all A-2186 groups showed an increase in tear strength after 252 hours p<0.05. For the nonpigmented MDX4-4210 group, from 252 to 1008 hours, there was no change in tear strength p>0.05. All pigmented MDX4-4210 groups showed no change in tear strength from 0 (initial) to 1008 hours of aging p>0.05. In all A-2186 groups, from 252 to 504 hours, there was a reduction in tear strength p<0.05, and from 504 to 1008 hours, there was an increase in tear strength p<0.05, except in the bronze A-2186 group p>0.05. Conclusion. In most situations, the A-2186 silicone showed significantly higher values of hardness and tear strength than the MDX4-4210 silicone. All hardness values were considered clinically acceptable. Accelerated aging could increase, decrease, or not significantly change the hardness and tear strength of the silicones used. The results of hardness and tear strength suggest that MDX4-4210 was more influenced by the presence of pigmentation after aging.