The aim of the current study was to verify if cattle vaccinated against leptospirosis may react in diagnostic tests for brucellosis. Sixty cows were divided into 5 groups, each comprising 12 animals. Four groups were given different vaccines against leptospirosis, while the control group received only saline. Two doses of vaccine were given, as recommended by the manufacturers. Serum samples were collected on the first day of immunization (day 0) and on postvaccination days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 96, and 126. All the serum samples were tested for brucellosis and leptospirosis. Twenty animals were reactive at least once to the Rose Bengal test, but by day 96, no further reactions were elicited by this test. Twenty-six samples were reactive to the Rose Bengal test, but only 7 remained positive in confirmatory tests: 1 to the 2-mercaptoethanol test, 2 to the fluorescence polarization assay, and 6 to indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. None of the samples was reactive in the complement fixation test. None of the animals in the control group was reactive. A significant difference was found between the control group and the groups vaccinated against leptospirosis, according to Fisher exact test. However, the groups were found to respond independently of the vaccine brand. The results indicate that cattle vaccinated against leptospirosis may show reactivity on screening tests for brucellosis.
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar aspectos físico-químicos e microbiológicos do farelo úmido de glúten de milho (FUGM) em função do tempo de ensilagem. O FUGM foi avaliado em silos experimentais e, nos dias um, três, sete, 14, 21, 28 46.54 and 49.05%; 0.96 and 1.71%;
ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to evaluate the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients, as well as the feeding behavior of sheep fed an exclusively corn silage diet (0%); this diet incorporated wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) in increments of 30%, 50%, 60%, and 90%, together with the profile of the particles of these silages. Five crossbreed sheep were used with an average weight of 40 kg; they were housed in metabolic cages and were arranged in a Latin square 5×5 experimental design. There was a quadratic effect on dry matter (DM) intake, with a maximum consumption of 1.75 kg/day -1 to an inclusion of 39.09% of WCGF. The crude protein (CP) consumption exhibited an ascending linear effect with the inclusion of the co-product, and fiber consumption in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber decreased linearly with the inclusion of WCGF. The apparent digestibility of DM, CP, and NDF increased linearly with the increasing inclusion of co-product in corn silage. Rumination time, total chewing, and idleness were influenced by increases in the inclusion of WCGF in corn silage, and there was a decreasing linear effect on the amount of time spent ruminating and total chewing, as well as an increasing linear effect for idleness duration. The chewing time for bolus, the number of chews for bolus, and the number of chews per day were influenced by the inclusion of WCGF. Through the obtained results, especially the equation of DM intake, which estimated a maximum point of 39.09%, as well as the presence of diarrhea at levels up to 50%, it was concluded that the addition of up to 40% of WCGF in corn silage can be recommended as it improves nutrient intake and features good digestibility without negatively altering the normal behavior of sheep.
A silagem de milho é um dos alimentos conservados mais utilizados na produção animal durante a seca. Objetivou-se avaliar a composição química da silagem de milho com diferentes aditivos. O delineamento foi casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3x3 (três valores de adição do coproduto farelo úmido de glúten de milho e dois aditivos + um sem aditivo), com três repetições, totalizando 27 unidades experimentais. Foi utilizada análise de variância com 5% de significância e teste de Scott-Knott para os dados obtidos. Os valores de nutrientes digestíveis totais e de matéria seca aumentaram proporcionalmente às inclusões do coproduto nas silagens com aditivos. As variáveis proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro apresentaram o mesmo comportamento, enquanto os valores de fibra em detergente ácido sofreram redução nas silagens com 30% do coproduto. Silagens tratadas com benzoato apresentaram maiores teores de cinzas. Menores valores para o teor de extrato etéreo foram encontrados nas silagens sem inclusão do coproduto. O uso de 15 e 30% de farelo úmido de glúten de milho não teve efeito sobre a composição química da silagem.Palavras-chave: coproduto, farelo úmido de glúten de milho, produção animal Chemical composition of corn silage with additivesABSTRACT. Corn silage is one of the most conserved feed used in animal production during drought. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of corn silage with different additives. The design was randomized, in a 3x3 factorial scheme (three values of the addition of wet corn gluten feed and two additives + one without additive), with three replications, totaling 27 experimental units. We used analysis of variance with 5% significance and Scott-Knott's test for the data obtained. The values of total digestible nutrients and dry matter increased proportionally to the co-product inclusions in the silages with additives. The crude protein and neutral detergent fiber presented the same behavior, while the values of acid detergent fiber were reduced in the silages with 30% of the co-product. Silages treated with benzoate showed higher ash content. Lower values for ethereal extract content were found in the silages without inclusion of the co-product. The use of 15 and 30% of wet corn gluten feed had no effect on the chemical composition of the silage.
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