The recognition of clinical signs of ocular tuberculosis is of utmost importance as it can provide clinical pathway toward tailored investigations and decision making for initiating anti-tuberculosis therapy.

Purpose: To standardize a nomenclature system for defining clinical phenotypes, and outcome measures for reporting clinical and research data in patients with ocular tuberculosis (OTB). Methods: Uveitis experts initially administered and further deliberated the survey in an open meeting to determine and propose the preferred nomenclature for terms related to the OTB, terms describing the clinical phenotypes and treatment and reporting outcomes. Results: The group of experts reached a consensus on terming uveitis attributable to tuberculosis (TB) as tubercular uveitis. The working group introduced a SUN-compatible nomenclature that also defines disease "remission" and "cure", both of which are relevant for reporting treatment outcomes. Conclusion: A consensus nomenclature system has been adopted by a large group of international uveitis experts for OTB. The working group recommends use of standardized nomenclature to prevent ambiguity in communication and to achieve the goal of spreading awareness of this blinding uveitis entity.

Physicians should look for Bartonella henselae in cases of follicular conjuntivitis and regional limphadenopathy, neuroretinitis or retinal infiltrates; currently, serological tests can confirm the clinical suspicion of this infection.

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PurposeTo ascertain the clinical features and visual outcome of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis in a large series of cases.Subjects and MethodsTwo hundred and thirty subjects diagnosed with active toxoplasma retinochoroiditis were prospectively followed for periods ranging from 269 to 1976 days. All patients presented with active retinochoroiditis and positive IgG T. gondii serology at the beginning of the study and received a standardized drug treatment for toxoplasmosis, both in the first episode and in the subsequent recurrences.ResultsThe group involved 118 (51.3%) men and 112 (48.7%) women, with ages ranging from 14 to 77 years, mean of 32.4 years (SD = 11.38). Primary retinochoroidal lesions were observed in 52 (22.6%) cases and active retinochoroiditis combined with old scars in 178 (77.4%) subjects at the beginning of the study. A hundred sixty-two recurrent episodes in 104 (45.2%) patients were observed during follow-up. New subclinical retinochoroidal lesions were detected in 23 of 162 (14.2%) recurrences episodes during the follow-up. Posterior segment complications were observed in 73 (31.7%) subjects. Retinochoroidal lesions adjacent to the optic nerve and in the macular area were observed in 27 of 40 (67.5%) cases of severe visual impairment (VA = 20/200 or worse).ConclusionToxoplasma retinochoroiditis in this population had a high recurrence rate after an active episode. Severe visual impairment was associated with location of the retinochoroidal scar, recurrences and posterior segment complications. It is crucial to consider the location of the lesion in studies analyzing visual prognosis as a measure for treatment effectiveness and prevention strategies.