The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of filling in main and lateral root canals performed with the McSpadden technique, regarding the time spent on the procedure and the type of gutta-percha employed. Fifty simulated root canals, made with six lateral canals placed two apiece in the cervical, middle and apical thirds of the root, were divided into 5 groups. Group A: McSpadden technique with conventional gutta-percha, performed with sufficient time for canal filling; Group B: McSpadden technique with conventional gutta-percha, performed in twice the mean time used in Group A; Group C: McSpadden technique with TP gutta-percha, performed with sufficient time for canal filling; Group D: McSpadden technique with TP gutta-percha, performed in twice the mean time used in Group C; Group E: lateral condensation technique. Images of the filled root canals were taken using a stereomicroscope and analyzed using the Leica QWIN Pro software for filling material flow, gutta-percha filling extension and sealer flow. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test (p < 0.05).The best values of penetration in lateral canals in the middle third occurred in the groups where TP gutta-percha was used. However, in the apical third, group B showed the best values. Although a longer time of compactor use allows greater penetration of the filling material into the lateral canals, the presence of voids resulted in bad quality radiographic images, suggesting porosity. The best quality of filling material was observed in Group A (McSpadden technique with conventional Gutta-Percha, performed with sufficient time for root canal filling).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the penetration of a resin/polyester polymer-based material (Resilon Real Seal; SybronEndo Corp., Orange, USA) into simulated lateral canals, and the quality of obturations by different techniques. A total of 30 standardized simulated canals were divided into three groups according to the technique of obturation used: MS (McSpadden), SB (SystemB/Obtura II), and LC (Lateral Condensation). To analyze the penetration of the filling material, the simulated canals were digitalized and the images were analyzed using the Leica QWIN Pro v2.3 software. The data of the middle and apical thirds were separately submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey's test for the comparison of the techniques. Results showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between groups (LC < SB) in the middle third, and a significant difference (p < 0.05) between groups (LC < SB and MS < SB) in the apical third. To analyze the quality of the obturations, the canals were radiographed and evaluated by three examiners. The Kappa test on interexaminer agreement and the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test indicated no significant difference between filling techniques. It was concluded that Resilon achieves greater levels of penetration when associated with thermoplastic obturation techniques.

Due to the anatomy of the root canal, flat canal of the premolars does not require relining, but round canal of the maxillary central incisors demands it for more secure in the bond strength.

The objective of this study was to describe a new method for the quantitative analysis of a microleakage of endodontic filling materials. Forty extracted single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups. After root canal shaping, the experimental groups were filled using the lateral condensation technique with the Epiphany system (G1), with gutta-percha + Sealapex (G2), and with gutta-percha + AH Plus (G3). Each root was mounted on a modified leakage testing device, and caffeine solution was used as a tracer (2000 ng mL -1 , pH 6.0), applied in the coronal direction towards the tooth apex, creating a hydrostatic pressure of 2.55 kPa. Presence of caffeine in the receiving solution was measured after 10, 30, and 60 days, using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). None of the groups presented microleakage at 10 days. At 30 days, G2 and G3 showed similar infiltration patterns (means: 16.0 and 13.9 ng mL -1 , respectively), whereas G1 showed significantly higher values (mean: 105.2 ng mL -1 ). At 60 days, leakage values were 182.6 ng mL -1 for G1, 139.0 ng mL -1 for G2, and 53.5 ng mL -1 for G3. AH Plus showed the best sealing ability and HPLC-MS/MS showed high sensitivity and specificity for tracer quantification.

No abstract

To present a clinical case report of successful endodontic retreatment, in a maxillary first molar, with symptomatic apical periodontitis in the mesiobuccal root that had already undergone endodontic treatment and paraendodontic surgery. A patient was referred for evaluation of upper right first molar with swelling, severe pain and sensitivity to percussion and palpation. She reported having undergone endodontic treatment 1 year ago and, 6 months later, when the symptoms returned, a paraendodontic surgery was performed by the same professional. A cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was requested and the images showed extensive bone rarefaction associated with the mesiobuccal root, which had the MB1 canal treated and the MB2 canal untreated. The periapical region of the apices of the distobuccal and palatine roots showed signs of normality, and the treatment plan was established with selective endodontic retreatment only in the mesiobuccal root, with the location and treatment of the MB2 canal and retreatment of the MB1 canal. Retreatment was performed in 2 sessions with an intracanal dressing with calcium hydroxide paste. The canals were filled with Biodentine (BD, Septodont, Saint Maur de Fossés, France). Clinically, the patient had no further signs or symptoms and tomographic images showed evidence of bone repair after 24 months. Correct planning and execution of all phases of endodontic retreatment were fundamental for the success of this case report.

The radix entomolaris is an anatomical variation characterized by the presence of an additional root located in the distal-lingual region of mandibular molars. An accurate diagnosis is necessary to plan and institute effective endodontic therapy for teeth with this condition. The aim of this report was to present three cases of endodontic management in permanent mandibular first molars with radix entomolaris using contemporary technical resources. For diagnosis, periapical radiographs indicated the possibility of morphological alterations, which were confirmed in two cases by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Ultrasonic tips and magnification with operative microscopy were the auxiliary resources used for locating the root canals, which were prepared with NiTi rotary instrument systems and filled with gutta-percha by using the lateral condensation technique and AH Plus sealer. Resources such as periapical radiography, CBCT, magnification with operative microscopy, ultrasonic devices and NiTi instruments can be extremely valuable for use in the diagnosis and clinical approach to endodontic treatment of mandibular first molars with radix entomolaris.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity, cytoprotection and morphological changes by SEM technique of MTA, MTA-HP and Biodentine, on fibroblast 3T3 cell line. MTA, MTA-HP, and Biodentine were disposed into teflon sterile discs and incubated in culture media for 24 hours to obtain elutes.  Fibroblast 3T3 cells were cultured with the respective elutes and control group with culture medium. Cytotoxicity and cytoprotection assays were determined by MTT method. The results were statistically processed by Mann-Whitney (α=0.05) and Kruskal-Wallis analysis. Cells cultured in coverslips and treated with the elutes were submitted to fixation and dehydration process to evaluate morphological alterations by SEM technique. In cytotoxicity assay, cells treated with MTA, MTA HP and Biodentine showed viability above 95%, like control cells. In cytoprotection to the 3T3 cells, materials promoted at the same magnitude (p>0.05), with improved cell growth and were considered statistically different from the obtained for cells only treated with peroxide solution (positive control) (p=0.046). Also, viability results of the tested root canal materials were close to that of the negative control (cells treated only with culture medium) (p=0.05). No morphologic cell changes of 3T3 cells in contact with the endodontic materials were revealed by SEM technique. The bioceramic materials has demonstrated high bioactivity and biocompatibility, as presented in cytoprotection and morphological trials.