BackgroundRecently patients need faster treatments, and delaying restoration is not possible following bleaching treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of antioxidants, namely 10% sodium ascorbate, 10% alpha-tocopherol, 10% green tea and 10% Aloe vera extract on the shear bond strength of composite resin to enamel following extra-coronal bleaching using 40% hydrogen peroxide.Material and MethodsSeventy premolars were randomly assigned into 7 groups of 10 each. Group 1: bleaching treatment and no antioxidants application. Group 2: composite was built-up immediately after bleaching. Group 3: bleached specimens received composite build-up delayed by 2 weeks. Group 4, 5, 6 and 7: bleached specimens received an application of 10% sodium ascorbate, 10% alpha-tocopherol, 10% green tea, and 10% Aloe vera before composite build-up. Specimens were immersed in artificial saliva, stored in an incubator 37°C (24 hours), thermocycling, and tested using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test with 95% level of significance.ResultsBleaching caused significantly reduced shear bond strength (p<0.05), and application of 10% sodium ascorbate, 10% alpha-tocopherol, 10% green tea and 10% Aloe vera produced significantly greater shear bond strength compared to bleached group (P <0.05). However, no significant differences occurred between antioxidant groups (P >0.05).ConclusionsApplication of antioxidants increased the shear bond strength of composite resin to enamel following extra-coronal bleaching using 40% hydrogen peroxide. 10% sodium ascorbate, 10% alpha-tocopherol, 10% green tea and 10% Aloe vera extracts produced the same effect on the shear bond strength of composite resin to enamel following extra-coronal bleaching using 40% hydrogen peroxide. Key words:Antioxidants, shear bond strength, composite resin, extra-coronal bleaching.

A good sealing ability of apical part of root canal system is needed to prevent microleakage thus resulting long-lasting successful treatment. Chitosan nanoparticles as nanofillers could be added to epoxy resin sealer to increase adaptation to dentinal wall. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apical sealing ability of chitosan nanoparticles addition to epoxy-resin-based sealer. Thirty mandibular premolars were used in this study. The root canals were prepared using rotary files up to #30/0.09. The canal was irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, then was rinsed with sterile water. All teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10). Group I was obturated with gutta-percha, Group II was obturated with gutta-percha and epoxy resin sealer, group III was obturated with gutta-percha and epoxy resin sealer that was added with chitosan nanoparticles. All specimens were stored in an incubator for 7 days at 37 °C. After that, specimens were tested with centrifuging dye penetration method with methylene blue 2% solution. The specimens were longitudinally sectioned, observed under stereomicroscope (8x magnification) and measured in millimeters (mm). The data were analyzed using one-way Anova. The results of one-way Anova showed that dye penetration in apical part of the root canal in all groups was statistically significant difference. The addition of chitosan nanoparticles to epoxy resin sealer increases the apical sealing ability of root canal obturation material.

This study aims to find out the morphological classification of tea clones and its utilization, which is established closed to mount Lawu forest, East Java. One tea plantation managed by PT Candi Loka (Jamus tea plantation) was selected. It has an area of 478.20 hectares and improve the quality and productivity of tea by planting tea clones. Identification and determination based on morphological characteristics of tea clones and interviews were carried out in 2016-2018. Seven tea clones were recorded according to leaf thickness and length, lifespan and fine hairs on the tea buds. Those are Asamica, Yabokita, Chin, GMB 3, GMB 7, TRI 2024, and TRI 2025. Asamica is the oldest clone since 1866. The most commonly planted is GMB 7 because of high productivity and good shoot quality. Chin clone is not bred anymore. Even though the quality is pretty well, its productivity is less because leaf shape is narrow. TRI 2025 clones have the highest productivity due to its long and thick leaves. The tea is then processed into products such as white tea, green tea, black tea/fragrant tea, and coffee flavoured tea. White tea and green tea are increasingly popular as traditional medicines.

Background: Tooth avulsion is described as a displacement of the tooth from its socket. Replantation on an avulsion permanent dentition is a condition that needs immediate treatment. Replantation of the avulsed tooth can be done in a span of less than 12 hr. Avulsion of tooth may occur due to trauma. Factors that determine healing after replantation are media storage, periodontal tissue damage, extra-alveolar period and intact alveolar socket. The main goal of the replantation is to maintain and treat the periodontal tissue and alveolar contour, and thus retain the dentition for esthetic condition. Objective: To find out the effectiveness of replantation for preserving avulsion of tooth. Case Report: A 42-year-old woman was referred to Universitas Gadjah Mada Dental Hospital with avulsed secondary mandibular incisor (32) after a motorcycle accident that had taken place the night before. The patient was traumatized for more than 12 hr. Based on the clinical examination, tooth 32 was avulsed. Radiographic examination showed no bone fracture. Root canal treatment was performed, and then replantation was carried out, followed by splinting using archbar. Three months after replantation, clinical and radiographic examinations were performed. Results: All mandibular incisors were in good condition. The patient showed good result, and even the replantation was done by exceeding the golden period time. The patient was instructed to maintain her oral hygiene. Conclusion: Immediate treatment of avulsion tooth and the right procedure can affect the success of the treatment. From this viewpoint, replantation is one of the appropriate treatments for preserving avulsion of tooth. Keywords: avulsed tooth, replantation, splinting

An overfilled root canal is the most common iatrogenic error in daily endodontic practice, especially on open apex tooth, which leads to chronic periapical inflammation and failure of endodontic therapy. With various materials and techniques available, the clinician must determine the ideal protocol to ensure successful endodontic treatment. This case report evaluates the outcome of the non-surgical, one-visit apexification using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) of first maxillary incisor with an overfilled root canal, open apex, and condensing osteitis after four years follow-up. A 27-years-old woman was referred to Universitas Gadjah Mada Dental Hospital Yogyakarta due to biting pain and discoloration on first maxillary incisor with a history of trauma and endodontic treatment over 10 years ago. Periapical radiographs showed an overfilled open apex with condensing osteitis on the surrounding of the apex. Conventional endodontic retreatment was performed, followed by one-visit apexification using MTA. After 6 weeks, the biting pain relieved. Obturation and intracoronal bleaching then proceeded. Class IV composite was completed as a final restoration after 8 weeks of apexification. After 4 years follow-up, there was no sign and symptom and the condensing osteitis diameter reduced which indicated a successful treatment. This case supports the long-term evidence of former findings of the role of case selection, technique, and usage of MTA as one-visit apexification materials after a year follow-up. Furthermore, it provides a new perspective on the effect of MTA in the management of condensing osteitis. One-visit apexification using MTA is considered effective in the management of condensing osteitis due to gutta-percha extrusion in the long term

Replantasi intensional merupakan salah satu cara untuk mempertahankan gigi yang mengalami fraktur vertikal. Replantasi gigi dengan fraktur vertikal memerlukan kerapatan pada sisi fraktur dengan baik. Hal ini dapat dicapai dengan cara penempatan perekat fragmen fraktur yang tepat yang dapat diterima tubuh agar dicapai penyembuhan yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui reaksi regenerasi jaringan periradikuler dengan indikator pembentukan kolagen tipe I pada penggunaan self-adhesive resin cement dan mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) sebagai bahan penutup garis fraktur. Penelitian menggunakan 27 ekor kelinci New Zealand jantan yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok I tanpa aplikasi bahan (kontrol), kelompok II dengan aplikasi MTA dan kelompok III dengan aplikasi self-adhesive resin cement. Pengamatan pembentukan kolagen tipe I dilakukan pada hari ke-7 (minggu I), hari ke-14 (minggu II) dan hari ke-21 (minggu III). Serum diambil dari darah kelinci melalui vena auricularis. Kadar kolagen tipe I diamati dengan rabbit collagen type I kit menggunakan teknik ELISA. Data dianalisis dengan analisis variansi dan post hoc LSD dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil uji statistik dengan analisis variansi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan (p < 0,05) penggunaan self-adhesive resin cement dan MTA sebagai penutup garis fraktur pada replantasi intensional fraktur gigi vertikal terhadap pembentukan kolagen tipe I. Pembentukan kolagen tipe I kelompok dengan aplikasi MTA lebih tinggi dari kelompok kontrol maupun kelompok self-adhesive resin cement pada pengamatan minggu II dan minggu III (p < 0,05). Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa pembentukan kolagen tipe I pada aplikasi MTA lebih tinggi daripada self-adhesive resin cement.

Background: Discoloration of composite restorations may affecting aesthetic appearance. The aging-process and surface roughness may influence color changes. A nanofilled self-adhesive protecting coating has been developed for coating tooth restoration and expected to prolong the longevity of restoration. To evaluate the effect of nanofilled self-adhesive protective coating on the surface roughness and color-changes of flowable and packable composite after aging condition. Methods: The total of 40 discs (15x2mm) and 60 boxes (20×10× 2mm) specimens from flowable and packable composite were used. A half of the specimens was coated by using protective-coating. The reflectance chromameter was used to measure the color baseline. Afterward, the specimens were subjected into aging process by immersing in artificial saliva and carbonated drink (37oC,7d). The color changes were calculated based on the [CIE L*a*b*].For surface roughness, box-shaped specimens were measured in fresh condition, after aging conditions. Results: The color change ranged from 0.49 to 2.31. Applying protective-coating was associated with a significant decrease in the color-changes and surface roughness after aging. The changes of three color coordinates resulted in significant differences for both composite, with and without protective coating application. Conclusion: The application of protective-coating decrease the color-changes and surface roughness of flowable and packable composite-resin.

Preparation of the root canal system is a crucial step in root canal treatment. Endodontically treated teeth differ structurally from healthy, untreated teeth. This can lead to root cracking by creating pressure on the canal wall, reducing the fracture resistance of the tooth. Different designs, including cross-sectional shape, tip, taper, flute, radial land, helix angle, rake angle, and pitch, can influence the outcome of the root canal preparation and the risk of root fracture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of teeth after root canal preparation using three different NiTi rotary files: ProTaper Next (PN), ProTaper Gold (PG), and HyFlex CM (HC). Thirty premolars with a single and straight root canal were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction, leaving 14 mm of the root. The subjects were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 10) was prepared using PN, group 2 (n = 10) was prepared using PG, and group 3 (n = 10) was prepared using HC. After instrumentation and irrigation, the specimens were subjected to a continuous vertical compressive force (crosshead-speed of 2.28 mm/sec) in order to record the force (in newtons) until root fracture. To describe the surface characteristic of the dentinal root after the preparation, a section fragment from the apical third of the specimens was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 2500x magnification. The micrographs were analyzed according to the Hulsman’s method. The results demonstrated that there was a statistically significant difference in root fracture resistance among the three groups. (p = 0.043). The LSD post hoc test indicated that HC showed a higher root fracture resistance (p < 0.05) compared to both PN and PG. In conclusion, the different file systems of PN, PG, and HC instruments generate different root fracture resistance of teeth. In comparison to PN and PG, HC instruments tend to result in increased fracture resistance.