Urbanization has become a global phenomenon that affects the food system. Some studies revealed that urbanization increases income/capita, thus transforming food consumption from cereals to animal products, vegetables, and fruits. Urbanization, particularly in developing countries, not only produces economic benefits but also various issues that might lessen peoples’ capacity to afford food. This study aims to analyze the impact of urbanization on food consumption, food composition, as well as farming performance. Series of consumption data since 1976 and statistical descriptive approaches were employed. The results showed a trend of declining the share of food expenditures, especially in urban areas, which is commonly regarded as a sign of increasing prosperity. Surprisingly, food composition remained stable, dominated by rice, due to lower-income and higher non-food expenditures of urban inhabitants mainly for housing, transportation, water and energy. The stagnancy of food composition provides less incentive for farmers; thus, farming is dominated by low-revenue paddy fields, uneducated laborers, and older farmers. Based on these findings, some recommendations can be suggested: (1) incorporating food composition and farming performance into food security policies, instead of merely focusing on the compliance of food supply and demand, (2) linking food issues with non-food issues, especially with urban planning, housing development, and transportation management to increase the income capacity of the society to purchase a greater variety of food, and (3) developing food diversification served by urban food vendors to support the benefits of the farming business.

Food security has become one of the global challenges; therefore, monitoring food consumption is required. As food consumption is a resultant of food availability at an affordable price, food expenditure actually is a key indicator to assess food security policy. Particularly, the link of food expenditure with socio-economic factors based on the perspective of spatial connectivity should be understood as nowadays food supply and demand between regions are increasingly connected. This study aims to define socio-economic driving factors of food expenditure that considering spatial connectivity between provinces in Indonesia. Data of household food expenditure and socio-economic factors by province including urbanization level, economic growth, gross domestic regional product (GDRP) per capita, poverty severity index, and unemployment rate were used. The preliminary test on the spatial correlation of food expenditure showed a significant result; thus, a spatial regression approach was employed. The results showed that declining food expenditure did not simply indicate increasing prosperity. Larger income disparity among the poor has become crucial to detect lower food expenditure caused by a lack of income. In addition, the increasing unemployment rate was followed by increasing food expenditure. Despite economic growth, increasing GDRP per capita and urbanization contributing to declining food expenditure, both poverty and unemployment are the main issues that threaten household's ability to afford food. Furthermore, the effect of food expenditure in the neighboring region is also significant, but it shows a contradictory relationship as food expenditure in a region is decreasing when food expenditure in its neighbors is increasing, and vice versa. Therefore, reducing disparities in economic growth, GDRP per capita, urbanization, poverty, and unemployment rate between provinces is also crucial to support more equal food expenditure as well as to achieve the second goal of SDG's (Sustainable Development Goals) in improving food security.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spread globally and brought health and socioeconomic issues. Jakarta tried to accommodate health and economic interests through the Large-Scale Social Restriction (LSSR) policy that should be assessed. This study aims to (1) visualize the spatial patterns of confirmed Covid-19 cases and the locations of potential risk of transmission, and (2) determine the spatial processes underlying the spatial patterns of Covid-19 cases. The emerging hot spot analysis and space-time scan statistic were employed to analyze the dynamic of infected cases and transmission risk. A Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR) model was developed to define factors that influence the spatial transmission. The result shows that spatial transmission keeps continuing, despite a decline in the aggregate pandemic curve during LSSR implementation. This was likely affected by settlements types and population density distribution, and transportation networks. Spatial analysis supports the aggregate pandemic curve to increase the pandemic surveillance effectiveness.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the optimization of Communication Department of Tourism, Youth and sports as well as inhibiting and supporting factors in the development of Tourism Village. This study uses the method of quality description, with information in this study as many as eight (8) people, data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation.                 The development of Rammang – Rammang Tourism Village is to build image and cooperation by doing development to the tourism management community through training on improving human resources capacity to improve the welfare and prosperity of the community in managing a directed Tourism Village. The supporting and inhibiting factors are in the management of Rammang-Rammang tourism development as a geological park or geo park Maros-Pangkep, because Rammang-Rammang is the 2nd largest karst mountain area in the world.

Minangkabau traditional house is part of Indonesia's rich cultural asset with its historical and normative values. Beside custom homes, Minangkabau traditional building also serves as a place to stay in the context of human habitat but has slowly endangered its sustainability. The purpose of this study was to analyze the current physic conditions of this type of building by area. The study also aims to analyze the community participation in preserving this building in West Sumatra Indonesia. This is a quantitative study. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire survey. The total of this type of building amounts to 1,122. The study found that nearly 19.37% of traditional buildings are not occupied because of damages. In addition, there are influences of urbanization impact in urban community on the sustainability of the buildings. This research, suggested that the government should emphasize both maintenance and protection of traditional buildings by establishing policies in view of sustainable development planning.