Komoditas unggulan sektor perikanan laut merupakan salah satu komoditas strategis untuk meningkatkan pendapatan asli daerah.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan komoditas perikanan tangkap yang menjadi unggulan di Kabupaten Polman, Sulawesi Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan metode pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling berbasis data statistik tahun 2016. Analisis yang digunakan dalam peneltian adalah Location Quotient (LQ), dan analisis Specialization Index (SI). Penentuan komoditas unggulan apabila baik nilai LQ maupun SI >1.  Perangkingan komoditas menggunakan indeks komoditi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komoditas perikanan tangkap Kabupaten Polman di Sulawesi Barat yang menjadi unggulan utama adalah ikan teri (Stolephorus Sp), ikan madidihang (Thunnus albacores), ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) dan ikan biji nangka (Upeneus moluccensis). Diantara keempat komoditas unggulan tersebut, ikan madidihang memiliki nilai LQ dan SI yang paling tinggi yaitu 1.87 dan 10.19. Hasil ini berimplikasi pada pentingnya strategi penangkapan dan pengelolaan ikan tuna madidihang di Kabupaten Polman untuk meningkatkan pendapatan daerah. Kata kunci: Komoditas Unggulan, perikanan laut, LQ, SI dan Kabupaten Polewali Mandar

The aims of this study were to compare skipjack catch between FAD and free school fishing grounds and to describe the effect of the oceanographic factors on either skipjack tuna Fish Aggregating Device (FAD) or free school.  We used a field survey method for collecting the skipjack catch and the fishing positions for both near FAD and free school areas.  Remotely sensed satellite data of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) were also used to extract the oceanographic data corresponding with both the fishing locations. To find out the vital oceanographic factors, we examined the characteristics of the oceanographic variables and skipjack catch using t-test. Results indicated that the fishing operations of skipjack tuna at FAD tended to locate areas of relatively higher Chl-a than at free school locations. We also found that skipjack tuna catch was higher near the FAD than the other area, where the Chl-a was the most significant factor that affected the difference. This study suggests that the number of skipjack tuna FAD in the coastal waters of Bone Bay should be calculated accurately to ensure and support the tuna fishing management in that study area.

Makassar Strait has been identified as an area of interesting studies for marine science and operational fisheries. It provides the unique ocean structures such as topographic feature, the main path of the Indonesia Throughflow (ITF) and dynamics of thermal fronts.  The aims of this study were to map the dynamic spatial and temporal of the thermal fronts, and to describe their implications to the pelagic fisheries. We used satellite data of sea surface temperature (SST) for the period of January-December 2018 with spatial and temporal resolutions of 4 km and monthly, respectively. For fishery data, we used sampling data of skipjack tuna fishing ground distributions in October and December 2018.  Thermal fronts throughout the year were estimated using a Single Image Edge Detection (SIED) algorithm and the available fishing ground data were overlain on the SST front map.  The results showed that the spatial distributions of thermal fronts along Makassar Strait tended to be different every month. However, the thermal fronts were consistently detected near the upwelling area from June to September. Skipjack tuna fishing grounds associated with fish aggregating devices (FADs) developed in the northern area of upwelling in October. Two month later, the FADs and free swimming skipjack fishing grounds again well formed around the same location. It implies that the formation of the thermal fronts after upwelling contributes the positive effect on development of pelagic fishery especially skipjack in Makassar Strait.

Makassar Strait is a waters area with a large and relatively fertile water resource potential. The Makassar Strait area represents the confluence zone between the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean fish populations. The fertility of the waters makes this area one of the breeding zones for most aquatic biota. This study aims to map the catch of small pelagic fishes with water conditions in the Makassar Strait. The data used in this study was fish catches data from Makassar Strait waters from June to September 2021. Data on environmental conditions in the form of Sea Surface Temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration in the waters during the study period were obtained from the AQUA satellite with MODIS sensors, then combined with the Geographic Information System (GIS). The results of this study indicate that the sea surface temperature range in Makassar Strait waters was between 26.7°C–31.3°C and the concentration of chlorophyll-a was between 0.7 mg/m³ - 1.30 mg/m³. The highest catch points were at two points with the same catch of the purse seine, namely 4,000 kg at 118°51'E and 5°10'59"S and at 118°52'59"E and 5°3'S, while the lowest catch was 5 kg at 118°19'E and 4°57'S. It can be concluded that the presence of fish may be influenced by the water’s conditions favored by the target fish in the Makassar Strait. Abstrak Selat Makassar merupakan kawasan perairan yang memiliki potensi sumberdaya perairan yang cukup besar dan relatif subur. Kawasan Selat Makassar merepresentasikan zona pertemuan antara populasi ikan Samudera Pasifik dan Samudera Hindia. Kesuburan perairannya menjadikan daerah ini sebagai salah satu zona berkembang biak bagi sebagian besar biota perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan hasil tangkapan ikan pelagis kecil dengan kondisi perairan di Selat Makassar. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data tangkapan ikan dari Perairan Selat Makassar pada bulan Juni-September 2021. Data kondisi lingkungan perairan berupa Suhu Permukaan Laut dan konsentrasi klorofil-a perairan pada periode penelitian diperoleh dari satelit AQUA dengan sensor MODIS, kemudian dikombinasikan dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kisaran suhu permukaan laut di Perairan Selat Makassar antara 26,7°C–31,3°C dan konsentrasi klorofil-a antara 0,7 mg/m³ - 1,30 mg/m³. Titik tangkapan tertinggi terdapat pada dua titik dengan hasil tangkapan pukat cincin yang sama yaitu 4000 kg pada 118°51’BT dan 5°10’59”LS serta pada titik 118°52’59”BT dan 5°3’LS, sedangkan tangkapan terendah sebanyak 5 kg pada titik 118°19’BT dan 4°57’LS. Disimpulkan bahwa keberadaan ikan kemungkinan dipengaruhi oleh kondisi perairan yang disukai ikan target tangkapan di Selat Makassar.

Spatial and temporal studies on the distribution of small pelagic fish by applying oceanographic parameters are essential for fisheries management. An understanding of the spatial characteristics of small pelagic fish distributions is important to optimize the sustainability of marine resource utilization. This study examined the characteristics of small pelagic fish fishing grounds through the analysis of oceanographic parameters using remote sensing satellite data and generalized additive model. Remote sensing satellite data (SST and chlorophyll-α) covering the area of Makassar Strait were obtained from NASA databases, with a spatial resolution of 4 km and monthly temporal resolution. Data on the geographical location and catch volume of small pelagic fish were obtained from a fisheries survey in the Makassar Strait. Remote sensing satellite data and fisheries survey data were plotted graphically to determine the environmental conditions at the sites where the small pelagic fish were caught. Catch volume and catch positions were mapped to show fish distribution. The results show that the highest point was around Barru waters with a catch of 30.70kg - 36.75kg. Small pelagic fish were caught in the SST range between 29.82° C - 31.32°C and mostly caught in chlorophyll-a between 0.34 mg/m3 - 0.62 mg/m3.