No abstract

No abstract

Soybean demand from year to year is increasing in line with an increase in population and increasing people’s understanding of nutritious food, while soybean production is still very low. Therefore, various efforts continue to be made to increase soybean production, for example by selecting high-yielding varieties and improving soil fertility. This research was conducted with the aim of increasing soybean crop production by selecting appropriate varieties and improving soil fertility by application mycorrhizal biofertilizers. This research was conducted in the form of experiments in the district of Takalar, South Sulawesi, which took place from April to July 2019. The experiment was designed with the Split Plot Design. As the main plot is the treatment of varieties consisting of 3 types, namely: Anjasmoro varieties, Argomulyo varieties and Gema. As a subplot is the provision of mycorrhizae consisting of two levels, namely without the application of mycorrhizae and mycorrhizal applications. From these two factors, 6 treatment combinations were obtained and were repeated three times, so that 18 experimental units were obtained. The results showed that there was an effect of varieties treatment and mycorrhizal application on plant growth and soybean crop production. The use of Gema varieties and their interactions with the application of mycorrhizae produce the highest soybean plants. The parameters of production components and soybean production indicate that mycorrhizal application produces the highest number of productive branches, while the use of Anjasmoro and Argomulyo varieties produces the highest number of pods, pod weight and dry seed production per ha.

Increased productivity of black soybeans continues to be pursued by improving appropriate cultivation technologies, including by providing organic fertilizer. This research aimed to assessing the response of growth and production of black soybean plants to various types of organic fertilizers. The study was conducted in the form of a field experiment in Gowa Regency from March-June 2019. The experiment was designed with a randomized completed block design consisting of four treatments, namely: without organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer from rice straw, organic fertilizer from banana stems and organic fertilizer from gamal leaves. Each treatment was repeated four times, so as to get 16 experimental units. The parameters observed were plant height, number of pods per plant, pod weight per plant and pod weight per plot. The results showed that the administration of organic fertilizers obtained better growth and production of black soybeans. Fertilization with organic fertilizer from Gamal leaves obtained the highest yield of black soybean seeds, 2.46 tons ha^-1.

Soybean is including a major protein source with a relatively higher consumption rate. Similarly, various efforts have been adopted towards boosting production, including selecting high-yield species and soil fertility improvement using fertilizers. This research aims to increase soybean production by employing the appropriate variety and phosphate fertilizers to improve soil fertility. This experiment was conducted in Takalar, South Sulawesi, between April-July 2019. The split-plot design method was applied with three replications. Consequently, the main plot encompasses the treatment of three varieties, termed Argomulyo, Anjasmoro and Gema, while the subplots relate to phosphate fertilization, comprising three levels, including fertilization with a dose of SP-36 at 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha^-1. The results showed that the modifications in variety and phosphorus fertilization significantly influenced soybean production, as Argomulyo obtained the maximum rate of 2.77 t.ha^-1, followed by Anjasmoro at 2.45 t.ha^-1. Furthermore, phosphate fertilization with a dose of SP-36 at 100-150 kg.ha^-1 demonstrated the optimal soybean production as indicated by the maximum productive nodes and pods. Therefore, no interaction was observed between the various species and phosphate fertilization.

The aim of this research is to know the effectivenes of adding yeast and sucrose to increase the level of alcohol, acid and polyphenol liquid of cocoa beans pulp as bioherbisida. The research is arranged in Completely Random Design (RAL) of two factor. The first factor was the addition of yeast with concentration: 0.5% and 1%, the second factor of sucrose concentration consisted of: 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. The addition of yeast and sucrose is done at the beginning of fermentation by mixing with wet cocoa beans, then seeds in fermentation for 3 days. The pulp liquid dripping out of the fermentation box is accommodated in Waskom. The parameters observed were: alcohol, total acid, acetic acid, citric acid and polyphenol. The results showed that, the addition of yeast and sucrose significantly affected the increase of alcohol content, total acid, acetic acid, citric acid and polyphenol. The addition of 1% yeast and 2% sugar produced 0.77% alcohol content, 65.25% total acid, citric acid 2740,73 ppm, and acetate acid 3915,33ppm, while the highest polyphenol level was 1056,84 ppm in addition of yeast 1 % and 3% sucrose.

National soybean demand continues to increase in line with the increase in population, while soybean production is still very low. The low production is caused by several factors and one of them is because the development is faced with lands with low soil fertility. Therefore, it is necessary to improve soil fertility, including the use of biological fertilizers such as arbuzcular mycorrhizae along with the provision of compost. This research was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal applications and compost on the growth and production of soybean plants. This research was prepared based on a randomized block design consisting of 5 treatments, namely: control (without mycorrhizal and without compost), mycorrhizal application, mycorrhizal + compost 5 g/plant, mycorrhizae + compost 10 g/plant, mycorrhizae + compost 15 g/plant. After the treatment was repeated three times, so there were 15 experimental units. The results showed that mycorrhizal application accompanied by compost resulted in higher growth and yieldof soybean than without mycorrhizal application and mycorrhizal application without compost.

Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith is the main pest attacking maize crops. The usual control is the use of synthetic insecticides, but the continuous or unwise use of synthetic insecticides will have a negative impact on humans and the environment, therefore an alternative insecticide that is safe and environmentally friendly, such as tuba roots (Derris elliptica Benth) is needed. The purpose of this study was to obtain an effective extract concentration of Derris elliptica Benth to control S. frugiperda. The research was conducted at the Plant Pest Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, Pekanbaru from February to April 2020. The concentration treatments used were 0 g.l-1 water, 25 g.l-1 water, 50 g.l-1 water, 75 g.l-1 water and 100 g.l-1 water. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The results showed that the concentration of 50 g.l-1 water was able to control the pest of S. frugiperda and could cause total mortality of 80% with an initial time of death of 7,00 hours after application, and LT50 26,00 hours after application