The aim of current study is the risk assessment of biochemical variables of medical importance, vitamin D and calcium, in pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus Type II (T2DM) human beings and the risk assessment due to variation of these biochemical variables in diabetic patients. One hundred subjects (n=100) were recruited from different hospitals in Lahore (31.5204° N, 74.3587° E) after taken informed consents individually. This study was approved by the ethical committee of Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore. Subjects were equally divide in two groups; diabetic (case group; n=50) and non-diabetic (control; n=50). Calcium and vitamin D levels were measured by the biochemical laboratory of Hospitals. Finally the data was statistically analyzed by using SPSS software (Version 16). A total of 52 % males and 48 % females were investigated for changes in serum calcium and vitamin D in relation to their biochemical importance in Diabetes Mellitus. Both calcium and vitamin D levels were significantly low in diabetic group (p=0.003 and p=0.001 respectively) as compare to control group. Persons correlation showed calcium and vitamin D were directly proportional to each other (R2= 0.577). Odds ratio showed that the low vitamin D and low Calcium levels were 3.47 and 3.17 time more prevalent in diabetic group as compare to the non- diabetic group. Diabetes Mellitus is an increasing health issue in world causing severe morbidity and mortality. So it is important to investigate the non-conventional risk factors of Diabetes Mellitus. Thus, the current study illuminates the risk assessment of altered levels of vitamin D and calcium, their possible pathogenesis in Diabetes Mellitus. It can be concluded from this study that supplementation of vitamin D and calcium till to the normal physiological limits can help not only lowering the risk of diabetes but may also prevent its progression.
Congestive Heart Failure has become a major problem in the society worldwide with high prevalence, high mortality and morbidity, resulting in huge financing for care, carrying such a large burden on patients. In Indonesia, congestive heart failure has become one of the main killers. The prevalence of heart disease in Indonesia from year to year is increasing. Patients with CHF generally have various health problems, functional physical limitations, as well as behavioural and psychological symptoms that affect daily life and a long-term prognosis. The impact of heart failure on patients provides its own experience for sufferers. Therefore, CHF sufferers need sufficient coping to deal with the condition. This can certainly be obtained from a good support system as well, including family support as a care provider at home. To date, research that explores coping and family support specifically for people with heart failure and in-depth exploration of the experiences of people with CHF, especially in Bulukumba regency, has been limited. This study aims at exploring the experience of CHF patients in living their daily lives. This study used a qualitative approach with phenomenology design. The study had been conducted throughout September – October 2018. Using purposive sampling technique, three outpatient individuals with CHF was interviewed and the data was analysed by employing thematic analysis. The findings highlight three themes, including feeling after diagnosed with CHF, coping mechanism, and the importance of family support. This study suggest that approach towards providing health services to individuals with CHF should incorporate patient’s experience-based interventions to support their therapy adherence and to improve their quality of life.
The development of new cases of HIV in Indonesia increased significantly in 2013 and 2014, respectively by 29,037 and 32,711 cases. The results of the risky behavior survey (1996-2000) showed that truck drivers, sailors and fishermen and other port workers including workers which are often mobile (mobile population), are vulnerable to HIV because of their sexual behavior and the nature of their work. Sinjai District is one of the districts with a considerable population of fishermen (8,544 fishermen) in South Sulawesi. This research aims to analyze the relationship between level of knowledge with risky behavior and the precautions of HIV / AIDS transmission on fishermen in Sinjai District in 2016. Method of this research is an analytical research with cross sectional study approach. Population were the fisherman who registered in zero survey of Public Health Service of Sinjai District with 40 samples taken by simple random sampling. Data analysis uses statistical test of chi square. The research results showed that 72.5% of fishermen did not know about HIV / AIDS transmission, 75% had risky behavior, and 65% did not take the precautions of HIV / AIDS transmission. Chi square test results showed that there is no significant relationship between level of knowledge about HIV / AIDS transmission with risky behavior of fishermen (p count, 0,152 > p value 0,05). While there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge with the precautions of HIV / AIDS transmission (p count, 0.034 < p value, 0.05).
Neuropathy has been associated with various risk factors, including increasing age, male gender, poor sugar consumption, lipid value index and blood pressure, duration, and severity among patients with Diabetes Mellitus. In Bulukumba Regency, a report by the Bulukumba District Health Office reveals that there were 5410 visits of Diabetes Mellitus patients. This study aimed to identify the relationship between the long-standing Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus with neuropathy incidence among DM patients at H. Andi Sulthan Daeng Radja Hospital in Bulukumba Regency. This study that was conducted in July - August 2020, used a cross-sectional design. The study involved 38 patients selected by employing the purposive sampling technique. In terms of duration since diagnosed Type-2 DM, there were 30 patients (78.9%) included in the short-period category (1-5 years), and eight people (21.1%) included in the long-period category. The proportion of respondents that experienced an incidence of neuropathy are as follow 5.3% (two patients) with mild neuropathy, 60.5% (23 patients) with moderate neuropathy, and 34.2% (13 patients) with severe neuropathy. Bivariate analysis using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results in p-value = 0.006 (<α = 0.05). The research concludes that there is a significant relationship between the length of the suffering of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and the incidence of neuropathy. It is recommended that Type-2 DM patients should be educated about the risk of developing neuropathy and its associated health consequences. Policies regarding the use and/ or development of neuropathy assessment within healthcare facilities are also encouraged to help healthcare professionals educate such patients to prevent the negative impact of diabetic neuropathy among DM patients in the future.
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