Internal urethrotomy under direct vision for urethral strictures in the male was employed on 369 occasions in 225 patients during a 4-year period. A retrospective review of results showed an overall cure rate of 77% but the cure rate after each individual operation was less than 50%. Operations for recurrence carried a significantly lower cure rate than initial operations but even after several recurrences there were reasonably good results considering the relatively minor procedure. An active post-operative follow-up employing routine urethroscopy showed significantly better results than mictiographic follow-up. The post-operative period of catheterisation and positive urine culture at the time of follow-up had no significant influence on the results.

Objective To evaluate whether post-operative blood lossResults The post-operative blood loss correlated significantly with the per-operative loss (P=0.047) and the in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), weight of resected tissue (P=0.029). There was a highly significant correlation between the area under depends on in situ fibrinolysis in urine, and to determine the relative contributions of the urokinase and the curve of FbDP in the urine and the post-operative blood loss (P<0.005), while there was no significant tissue-type plasminogen activator systems. Patients and methods TURP was performed in 24 men positive correlation between the PA concentration or activity in the urine and post-operative blood loss. (median age 68.5 years, range 52-78) and the weight of resected tissue, the operative and post-operativeThere was a significant correlation between the urinary t-PA activity and the amount of FbDP in the blood loss determined. The concentrations of the urokinase-(u-PA) and tissue-type plasminogen actiurine (P=0.047), and a significant correlation between the weight of resected tissue and the amount vator (t-PA)-related fibrinolysis in their urine was followed using sensitive and specific assays, and the of FbDP in the urine (P=0.014). Conclusion The post-operative blood loss after TURP is changes related to post-operative blood loss. Measurements of the urinary concentrations of free significantly related to an increase of the urinary fibrinolytic activity and the enhanced fibrinolytic t-PA activity, t-PA antigen, free u-PA activity, u-PA antigen and fibrin degradation products (FbDP) were activity is probably caused by t-PA. Keywords In situ fibrinolysis, blood loss, transurethral determined and the area under the curve for each of these quantities correlated with the post-operative prostatic resection blood loss.antifibrinolytic drugs on post-operative blood loss [6][7][8][9].

Objective To evaluate whether the activation of the increase in systemic t-PA activity and t-PA antigen, coinciding with a significant drop in PAI activity. Postextrinsic tissue-type plasminogen activator-related fibrinolysis is implicated in the blood loss in patients operatively, PAI activity and PAI-1 antigen increased. The formation of plasmin was indicated by a fall in with benign prostatic hyperplasia, undergoing transurethral prostatic resection (TURP).the plasma concentration of Plg activity and Plgantigen and a 2 -AP but which increased significantly Patients and methods TURP was performed in 24 men and the operative and post-operative blood loss deterat the end of the study period. Increased systemic fibrinolytic activity was further confirmed by a marked mined. The activation of the tissue-type plasminogen activator-related fibrinolysis was followed using new increase in fibrin d-dimer and FbDP. There was no correlation between the AUC in the operative period sensitive and specific assays, and the changes related to the blood loss. Measurements of the plasma concenof any of the fibrinolytic variables and the measured blood loss. In the post-operative period, t-PA antigen trations of free tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) anti-(P=0.004), PAI activity (P=0.043), PAI-1 antigen (P=0.016) and a 2 -AP (P=0.047) all correlated with gen, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) antigen, the post-operative blood loss, while there was no correlation between fibrin d-dimer or FbDP and plasminogen (Plg) activity, plasminogen (Plg) antigen, a 2 -antiplasmin (a 2 -AP), d-dimer and fibrin degradation blood loss. Conclusion The fibrinolytic system is activated during products (FbDP) were all determined and the area under the curve (AUC) for each of these quantities and after TURP, but the increased activity is not of pathophysiological importance for the blood loss. correlated with the blood loss. Results TURP was followed by a marked activation of Keywords Fibrinolysis, blood loss, transurethral prostatic resection the fibrinolytic system. There was an immediate [9][10][11][12]. Only a few have attempted to ascertain whether

During a 4-year period 143 ureteric stone patients were monitored with probe renography during and after obstruction. Cases with obstruction of short duration (less than 2 weeks) all did well. In cases with longer duration the renographic function values could be used to predict irreversible kidney damage. Stone size showed no correlation with functional impairment. Infection proximal to ureteric stones accelerated kidney damage. Recommendations for the control of ureteric stone patients are given.

Objective To evaluate the importance of coagulation 0.024), and with the PSA concentrations (P=0.016) but not with fibrinogen. Serum concentrations of PSA activation in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, undergoing transurethral prostatic resection increased significantly and the AUC in the operative period correlated with F 1+2 (P=0.003) and TAT (TURP) and to examine whether changes in activity are related to blood loss, the circulatory entry of (P<0.005), but postoperatively only with F 1+2 (P= 0.013). The weight of resected tissue correlated operatprostate specific antigen (PSA), operative trauma (resected tissue weight) and the inflammatory ively with PSA (P=0.012) but not with the concentrations of F 1+2 or TAT. Postoperatively, there was a response, as assessed by C-reactive protein (CRP). Patients and methods TURP was performed in 24 men correlation with the acute-phase proteins, CRP (P=0.005), fibrinogen (P=0.012) and with PSA and the weight of resected tissue and blood loss determined. The activation of coagulation was fol-(P=0.020). Conclusion The operative blood loss is caused by surgical lowed using new sensitive and specific assays, and the changes related to blood loss, the release of PSA, factors and the observed postoperative hypercoagulable state can be explained as a physiological response operative trauma and the acute-phase response. The area under the curve (AUC) for the measured quantitto bleeding, i.e. to secure haemostasis. The activity of coagulation was unrelated to operative trauma, but ies was used in correlation analysis. Results TURP was followed by a marked activation in the acute-phase proteins were. The release of PSA into the circulation probably has an eCect on blood coagulation. There was no correlation between the markers of coagulation and the operative blood loss, coagulation.