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Abstract-The optimization of thermal column collimator has been studied which resulted epithermal neutron beam for in vivo and in vitro trials of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) at Kartini Research Reactor of 100 kW by means of Monte Carlo N-Particle Extended (MCNP-X) codes. The design criteria were based on recommendation from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). MCNP-X calculations indicated by using 5 cm thickness of Ni as collimator wall, 30 cm thickness of Al as moderator, 20 cm thickness of 60Ni as filter, 2 cm thickness of Bi as γ-ray shielding, 3 cm thickness of 6Li2CO3-polyethylene as beam delimiter, and for in vivo in vitro trials purpose, aperture was designed 8 cm radius size, an epitermal neutron beam with an intensity 1.13E+09 n.cm-2.s-1, fast neutron and γ-doses per epithermal neutron of 1.76E-13 Gy.cm2.n-1 and 1.45E-13Gy.cm2.n-1,minimum thermal neutron per epithermal neutron ratio of 0.008,and maximum directionality of 0.73, respectively could be produced. The results have passed all the IAEA's criteria.

The optimization of collimator has been studied which resulted epithermal neutron beam for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) using Monte Carlo N Particle Extended (MCNPX). Cyclotron 30 MeV and 9 Be target is used as a neutron generator. The design criteria were based on recommendation from IAEA. Mcnpx calculations indicated by using 25 cm and 40 cm thickness of PbF2 as reflector and back reflector, 15 cm thickness of TiF3 as first moderator, 35 cm thickness of AlF3 as second moderator, 25 cm thickness of 60 Ni as neutron filter, 2 cm thickness of Bi as gamma filter, and aperture with 20 cm of diameter size, an epithermal ne utron beam with an intensity 1.21 × 10 9 n.cm -2 .s -1 , fast neutron and gamma doses per epithermal neutron of 7.04 × 10 -13 Gy.cm 2 .n -1 and 1.61 × 10 -13 Gy.cm 2 .n -1 , minimum thermal neutron per epithermal neutron ratio of 0.043, and maximum directionality of 0.58, respectively could be produced. The results have not passed all the IAEA's criteria in fast neutron component and directionality.

Based Studies were carried out to analyze internal dose for radiation worker at Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) facility base on Cyclotron 30 MeV with BSA and room that actually design befor e. This internal dose analyze include interaction between neutron and air. The air contains N2 (72%), O2 (20%), Ar (0.93%), CO2, Neon, Kripton, Xenon, Helium and Methane. That internal dose to the worker should be bellow limit dose for radiation worker amount of 20 mSv/years. From the particle that are present in the air, only Nitrogen and Argon can change into radioactive element. Nitrogen-14 activated to Carbon-14, Nitrogen-15 activated to Nitrogen-16, and Argon-40 activated to Argon-41. Calculation using tally facility in Monte Carlo N Particle Version Extended (MCNPX) program for calculated flux Neutron in the air 3,16x10 7 Neutron/cm 2 s. room design in cancer facility have a measurement of length 200 cm, width 200 cm and high 166,40 cm. flux neutron can be used to calculated the reaction rate which is 80,1x10 -2 reaction/cm 3 s for carbon-14 and 8,75x10 -5 reaction/cm 3 s. Internal dose exposed to the radiation worker is 9.08E-9 µSv.

Studies were carried out to design a collimator which results in epithermal neutron beam for in vivo experiment of Boron

Most power plants, particularly those that burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, create CO2, a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. By 2060, the Indonesian government has committed to reach net zero emissions. With the lowest CO2 emissions, nuclear power plants are dependable sources of energy. Small modular reactors (SMRs) are a particular kind of nuclear power plant that has the potential to be Indonesia’s first commercial nuclear power plant because of their small size, low capacity, uncomplicated design, and modular characteristics. The purpose of this study is to examine the economics and technological feasibility of SMRs. In this analysis, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) comparative method and the technology readiness level (TRL) approach are both applied. The SMRs with a minimum TRL value of 7 were CAREM-25 (TRL7), KLT-40S (TRL8), and HTR-PM (TRL 8), according to the results of this research. Although CAREM-25 and KLT-40S are still in the demonstration stage and have not yet entered the market, their LCOE estimates are greater than 0.07 USD/kWh with a 5% discount rate. Whereas CAREM 100 MW is an economy scale from CAREM-25 and VBER 300 MW is a commercial size from KLT-40S, HTR-PM is already an economy scale. With discount rates between 5% and 10%, the LCOE values of HTR-PM, CAREM 100 MW, and VBER 300 MW range from 0.06 USD to 0.12 USD per kWh. Other than hydropower and coal-fired power plants, these LCOE figures can compete with the local LCOE in Indonesia and the LCOE of a variety of other types of power plants.

Rice husk-based biochar has been prepared by pyrolysis process for carbon dioxide adsorption in biogas. Biochar is considered as porous material for carbon dioxide adsorption. In this study, the adsorption of carbon dioxide, the largest impurity in biogas, was evaluated. The adsorptions were conducted in five treatments (mass variation): 80 grams of biochar (RB1), 60 grams of biochar and 20 grams of zeolite (RB2), 40 grams of biochar and 40 grams of zeolite (RB3), 20 grams of biochar and 60 grams of zeolite (RB4), 80 grams of zeolite (RB5). The best performance of carbon dioxide adsorption showed by RB1 with the decrease in carbon dioxide up to 31.59%. Characterization of adsorbents were also investigated by surface area analyzer to know relation between surface area and adsorption capability. It was found that the larger surface areas are favorable to adsorb carbon dioxide.