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This review reports the most recent developments of thermoelectric (TE) system coupled with phase change material (PCM) and its promising integration options within various PCM deployment and structure design. These innovative TE coupled with PCM (TE-PCM) systems provide heat/cold energy with additional electric power which implies better harnessing of multiform energy. Fundamentals of TE-PCM system including thermoelectric effect are presented along with a basic mathematical formulation of the physical problem. The classification principles and configuration types of such systems are also summarized. The most representative studies related to the utilization of TE-PCM system in diversified application scenarios and their compatibility with other energy systems have been comprehensively reviewed and analyzed, including the component and structure optimization. In-depth analysis of the main technical and operational challenges in the future has been carried out, and the prospective development of more efficient TE-PCM system and its hybrid configurations are projected based on the current technological level.

Background Hypertensive patients with depression have a higher mortality rate and a worse prognosis compared with hypertensive only. Depression may reduce medication adherence in hypertension patients. Methods This study includes respondents in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2005 to 2018 who had previously been diagnosed with hypertension. Medication adherence was defined as taking medication as recommended by a physician. The depressive state was assessed using the patient health questionnaire (PHQ)-9. Results Nine thousand one hundred eighty-six respondents were included in the analysis. Medication adherence was associated with depression (odds ratio [OR]: 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26 to1.75) and depression score (OR: 1.04 per each point increase, 1.03 to 1.05) in the unadjusted analyses. After adjusting for clinical and socioeconomic/demographic factors, there were significant statistical correlations between depression score and medication adherence (aOR: 1.02 per each point increase, 1.00 to 1.03, p < 0.05), but there was no significant statistical correlation between depression and medication adherence (p > 0.05). It was still statistically significant relationships between sex, age, body mass index (BMI), race, marital status, and health insurance with medication adherence after adjusted socioeconomic/demographic factors. Conclusion Depression was marginally associated with poor medication adherence in hypertensive patients, and the correlation increased with depression degree. Moreover, socioeconomic/demographic factors have an independent impact on medication adherence including sex, age, BMI, race, marital status, and health insurance.

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