Existen básicamente dos tipos de psicología. Una psicología intuitiva y una psicología académica y profesional. Aunque las dos van por caminos diferentes, no tienen por qué contradecirse. Por el contrario, pueden apoyarse mutuamente. A mi entender, lo mejor de la psicología intuitiva, que se encuentra en la literatura y particularmente en la novela, puede serles de gran ayuda a los psicólogos académicos y profesionales. Pues bien, lo que en este trabajo se pretende es mostrar argumentos a favor de la gran utilidad que tiene la psicología encerrada en la literatura para los psicólogos sociales, sobre todo a dos niveles. En primer lugar, anivel de la construcción del sujeto moderno y de la misma subjetividad y, por tanto, también del surgimiento de la propia psicología; y en segundo lugar, a nivel de los temas que estudian los psicólogos, sobre los que los escritores nos han ido proporcionando tantas intuiciones y descripciones provechosas (amor romántico, celos, infidelidad, remordimientos, emociones, sentimientos de venganza, relaciones humanas, etc.).
La implicación de los factores familiares en la problemática del acoso escolar entre iguales está suficientemente documentada, no solo en lo relativo a los distintos perfiles diferenciales que presentan los bullies y sus víctimas en lo referente a los estilos socializadores paternos, sino por las implicaciones que se derivan de la percepción del clima familiar. En concreto, en este estudio se ofrece un análisis psicosocial de la vinculación entre la percepción del clima social familiar por parte de un colectivo de 550 adolescentes del Principado de Asturias (278 chicas, 50.5% y 272 chicos, 49.5%) y sus actitudes ante el acoso escolar de acuerdo con un modelo de evaluación tridimensional (planos cognitivo, afectivo y disposicional) medidas a través de la Escala de actitudes ante la agresión social construida ad hoc por los autores (Moral, 2005). Se ha confirmado que los adolescentes que presentan actitudes más favorables a la violencia entre iguales perciben un clima familiar más conflictivo, sienten menor afecto en las relaciones familiares, manifiestan una mayor dificultad para comunicarse con ellos, así como un menor respeto hacia sus opiniones y un mayor nivel de exigencia paterna y declaran ser objeto de castigo físico y psicológico por parte de sus padres en comparación con aquellos adolescentes que presentan unas actitudes más negativas hacia la violencia bullying.Palabras clave: Acoso escolar, adolescencia, clima familiar, actitudes. Perception of family social climate and attitudes towards bullying in adolescents.The involvement of family factors in the problem of bullying is well documented, not only in terms of the various differential profiles presented by bullies and their victims in terms of parental socialization styles, but the implications are derived from the perception of family climate. Specifically, this study provides an analysis of the relationship between psychosocial perception of family social climate by a group of 550 adolescents of the Principality of Asturias (Spain) (278 girls and 272 boys 50.5%, 49.5%) and their attitudes to bullying according to a three-dimensional assessment model (planes cognitive, affective and dispositional) measures through Attitudes toward Social Aggression Scale constructed ad hoc by the authors (Moral, 2005). It has been confirmed that adolescents with more favorable attitudes to violence perceived peer more conflictual family climate, feel less affection in family relationships, express greater difficulty communicating with them, and less respect for their opinions and paternal highest demands and declared to be subject to physical and psychological punishment by their parents compared to those adolescents with more negative attitudes towards bullying violence.
The family still makes the socializing agency par excellence, hence it affects the appropriateness of proceeding to study the mechanisms of influence on adolescent attitudes to school violence, given the importance of the perceived quality of communication and support socio affective in the family. The educational style printed to parent-child relationships, the type of support provided or family pressure, among other factors specific to the process of family socialization variables are related to attitudes to the problem of bullying among equals. And, certainly, the closest social environment has a significant effect on both the psychological adjustment of victims of bullying, and deregulation of those who have favorable attitudes toward bullying. Given the finding that students victims of bullying who have better communication with their parents show greater integration into their peer group and have better psychological adjustment that victims of harassment that do not have these important psychosocial resources interest is justified psychosocial study of this linkage attitudinal level. Therefore, we aim to provide a psychosocial analysis of the reported differences in the family environment indicators such as parent-child communication, use of physical punishment and / or psychological in parental discipline style and perceived parental support and understanding, between others, based on overall attitudes to the perceived problem of bullying among equals. Specifically, in this study sample consists of a total of 550 students (278 girls, 50.5% and 272 boys, 49.5%) enrolled in the Principality of Asturias (Spain), aged between 12 and 19 years (mean = 14, 74, SD = 1,642). We evaluated attitudes to bullying according to a three-dimensional model (. Beliefs, expectations, etc.) cognitive level, affective (feelings, values, awareness, etc..) And behavioral (personal disposition). It has been confirmed that adolescents who have more favorable attitudes toward violence among peers perceive a more conflictual family climate and report the use of corporal punishment more and more psychological violence by their parents, as well as greater understanding and less communicative difficulties and psychosocial support.
The involvement of family factors in the problem of bullying is well documented, not only in terms of the various differential profiles presented by bullies and their victims in terms of parental socialization styles, but the implications are derived from the perception of family climate. Specifically, this study provides an analysis of the relationship between psychosocial perception of family social climate by a group of 550 adolescents of the Principality of Asturias (Spain) (278 girls and 272 boys 50.5%, 49.5%) and their attitudes to bullying according to a three-dimensional assessment model (planes cognitive, affective and dispositional) measures through Attitudes toward Social Aggression Scale constructed ad hoc by the authors (Moral, 2005). It has been confirmed that adolescents with more favorable attitudes to violence perceived peer more conflictual family climate, feel less affection in family relationships, express greater difficulty communicating with them, and less respect for their opinions and paternal highest demands and declared to be subject to physical and psychological punishment by their parents compared to those adolescents with more negative attitudes towards bullying violence.
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