The formation of a competitive tourist space in the Arctic regions is expedient from the standpoint of diversification of predominantly single-industry local economies and increasing the socio-economic sustainability of local communities. However, it is extremely important that the measures aimed at achieving these effects are correlated with the ecological and social context of the territories and, fully using their existing potential, do not lead to an aggravation of ecological and economic risks. The purpose of this work was to assess the prerequisites for the development of eco-tourism in the example of the Arctic region and economically related territories and consider the possibilities of forming ecotourism zones. Based on statistical data, cartographic materials, and content analysis of semi-formalized interviews of experts, this work investigated the current level of socio-economic development of the Karelian Arctic, the existing tourist infrastructure, natural, and cultural-historical objects. Strengths and constraints of eco-tourism development are emphasized. A number of innovative tools and approaches for the development of ecological tourism in the Karelian Arctic were proposed, the introduction of which will increase the tourist attractiveness of the territory, and ensure its sustainable development by reducing negative environmental impacts and depopulation.
Significant heterogeneity of the level of development of the Russian border, including in the field of recreation, imposes requirements for differentiation in the regional policy. Definition of the types of territories helps to solve applied management tasks more effectively. In this context, the factors by which these types were formed are important. To solve this problem, the authors conducted a factor analysis through the principal component method using oblique factor rotation. Three blocks of variables were analyzed that characterize the subjects of the Russian Federation that have land borders on the mainland (including river and lake borders) and sea borders with neighboring countries located on the map clockwise from Norway to the United States (border regions of Russia) for the period from 2010 to 2018. As a result, five factors were identified: the factor of the demand for the services of the recreational system, the factor of the development of the infrastructure of the recreational system in climatic conditions, the environmental safety factor, the factor of investment in the development of the recreational system infrastructure, the factor of the location at the border. The results of the study can be used as a practical tool for developing recommendations in the field of regional policy aimed at development of a recreational system, taking into account the factors determined for each identified group. The results of the study were obtained in the framework of the state task of the IE KarRC RAS on the topic “Institutions and social inequality in the face of global challenges and regional restrictions”.
In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), malignant cells modify the properties of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), reducing their ability to maintain normal hematopoiesis. The aim of this work was to elucidate the role of MSCs in supporting leukemia cells and the restoration of normal hematopoiesis by analyzing ex vivo MSC secretomes at the onset of AML and in remission. The study included MSCs obtained from the bone marrow of 13 AML patients and 21 healthy donors. The analysis of proteins contained in the MSCs-conditioned medium demonstrated that secretomes of patient MSCs differed little between the onset of AML and remission; pronounced differences were observed between MSC secretomes of AML patients and healthy donors. The onset of AML was accompanied by a decrease in the secretion of proteins related to ossification, transport, and immune response. In remission, but not at the onset, secretion of proteins responsible for cell adhesion, immune response, and complement was reduced compared to donors. We conclude that AML causes crucial and, to a large extent, irreversible changes in the secretome of bone marrow MSCs ex vivo. In remission, functions of MSCs remain impaired despite the absence of tumor cells and the formation of benign hematopoietic cells.
Border territories were considered both as front lines and as a resource for economic development in different historical periods. The studied regions of the Northwestern Federal District adopt these roles too. The purpose of the research is to consider the transformations of the border strip, to assess the normative sources that contribute to or limit the development of border regional economic systems, to analyze economic parameters and identify the patterns of this development. The scientific novelty is associated with the development of a comprehensive methodology, including the economic and legal assessment of the influence of the border location factor on the development indicators of the territory. The application of this technique allows substantiating the assumption that the nature of functioning and economic parameters may be related to the legal aspects of regulating the border position of Russian regions to a greater or lesser extent. The authors come to the conclusion that in the current geopolitical environment it becomes obvious that the legal and economic conditions will be significantly transformed. The degree of involvement in cross-border interactions for some sections of the borders will decrease, and vice versa new areas of international economic activity will appear, with corresponding structural shifts, which will become a vector for continuing the research. The study substantiates that the processes of economic interactions must be assessed both in economic and legal dimensions. It is shown that the border location factor has an ambiguous and multidirectional influence. At the same time, the impact of the factor is transformed along with the geopolitical, economic and legal environment. Legal prerequisites for different territories are formed individually, manually and are associated with specific situations and the nature of international interactions. A significant part of the restrictions on doing business in the border areas, which were considered in the article, is related to the peculiarities of their legal regime. Consequently, the factor of the border position from the point of view of economic and legal regulation can intensify both risks and opportunities for development.
The paper examines the process of transformation of scientific and scientific-organizational approaches to the semantics of the relationship between recreation and tourism. There is no well-established terminological apparatus for the determination of phenomena, processes and relations in the sphere of human life, which are described with such definitions as “recreation”, “tourism”, “tourist activity”, “recreational system”, “recreational activity”, etc. in everyday communication and in Russian literature. In turn, to manage such a regional economic subsystem as a recreational one, it is important to present its structure and relations between its spatially distributed elements within a certain conceptual framework. The result of the analysis and comparison of the approaches of different groups of scientists and regulations to the definition and content of the concepts of “tourism” and “recreation” was the opportunity to draw several conclusions: recreational activities are a meaningful basis for the development of many types of tourism; separate recreational activities are not tourism; some types of tourism (business, shopping tourism, etc.) are not based on recreational activities; both residents and non-residents of the regional recreational subsystem use its recreational services; the concepts of tourism and recreation and their derivatives are not identical, they intersect and complement each other in the economic dimension.
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