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In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications it is critical to accurately determine the location of the distributed sensor nodes in order to report the data that is geographically meaningful. Since localization and tracking algorithms have been attracting research and development attention recently, a wide range of existing approaches regarding this topic have emerged. Tracking and localization algorithms have been proposed for different WSN applications including civilian, industrial and safety applications. A few research studies focused on tracking Threats through military applications, such as detecting and tracking Threats through border security area. Therefore this paper studies and investigates the existing WSN based tracking and localization algorithms and summarizes the potential requirements for localizing and tracking Threats through military applications. The existing systems are categorized and discussed. A critical analysis is found in this paper, in order to guide the developer to design and implement a WSN-based tracking system for military applications.

Cloud computing is an emerging area of computer technology that benefits form the processing power and the computing resources of many connected, geograph ically distanced computers connected via Internet.Cloud computing eliminates the need of having a complete infrastructure of hardware and software to meetusers requirements and applications. It can be thought of or considered as a complete or a partialoutsourcing of hardware and software resources. Toaccess cloud applications, a good Internet connectionand a standard Internet browser are required. Cloudcomputing has its own drawback from the securitypoint of view; this paper aims to address most of these threats and their possible solutions

VAVETs have become an interesting area of research since vehicles can be equipped with sensors, processing and communication devices. As a result, various life changing application emerged in different areas such as safety and public services. VANETs are considered as a subclass of Ad hoc networks. However, they have special characteristics that differentiates them such as QoS requirements, privacy, safety and high mobility of nodes. This paper discusses VANET's special characteristics and explain why VANETs are considered a subcategory of ad hoc networks. Also, a categorization of VANETs architectures is presented in this study. Additionally, the importance and needs of VANETs along with their applications are presented in this study. Furthermore various routing protocols proposed for VANETs are studied and a categorization for these protocols is proposed in this study.

Wireless sensor networks are expected to operate in an unattended manner for long periods of time. As a result, they should be able to tolerate faults and maintain a reasonable performance level. Therefore, we propose two fault-tolerant clustered De Bruijn based multi layered architectures, a fault tolerant routing scheme and a distributed fault diagnosis algorithm. The performance of the proposed work was analyzed according to the end-to-end delay and the data success rate. Also, the performance was compared to that of mesh networks. Our simulation results show that De Bruijn based networks perform better in both fault free and faulty situations.

Abstract-The problem of long bended routes in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is one of the annoying problems that harvest a big number of vitalities annually. The problem relays under the fact that these long bended route are in shortage for lighting because of its extremely high cost. Therefore, in this paper, a system will be proposed as a smart alerting system based on ZigBee sensor network. The proposed system targets the roads with weak lights at night time in order to reduce the number of accidents which may occur on such dangerous roads. A number of real experiments were conducted using ZigBee sensor nodes in order to test the efficiency and reliability of the proposed system. Through real experiments, it was demonstrated that the proposed system offers reasonable response time, and achieves low power consumption.

Target localization and tracking problems in WSNs have received considerable attention recently, drivenby the requirement to achieve high localization accuracy, with the minimum cost possible. In WSN basedtracking applications, it is critical to know the current location of any sensor node with the minimumenergy consumed. This paper focuses on the energy consumption issue in terms of communicationbetween nodes whenever the localization informationis transmitted to a sink node. Tracking throughWSNs can be categorized into centralized and decentralized systems. Decentralized systems offer lowpower consumption when deployed to track a small number of mobile targets compared to the centralizedtracking systems. However, in several applications,it is essential to position a large number of mobiletargets. In such applications, decentralized systems offer high power consumption, since the locationofeach mobile target is required to be transmitted toa sink node, and this increases the power consumptionfor the whole WSN. In this paper, we propose a power efficient decentralized approach for tracking alarge number of mobile targets while offering reasonable localization accuracy through ZigBee networ

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