In this review we analyzed the guidelines for diagnosis and management of celiac disease, as well as the recent studies published on this issue. Capsule endoscopy could be used in patients unwilling or unable to undergo conventional endoscopy, in patients who have discordant results between serological and histopathological investigation, in patients with nonresponsive or refractory celiac disease.
TRANSCRANIAL ELECTROTHERAPY STIMULATION MODULATES STRESS-INDUCED C-FOS EXPRESSION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN RATS WITH DIFFERENT RESISTANCE TO STRESSis a recognized and unique peripheral biomarker of stress, stress-associated and psychiatric disorders. In our article, we studied the possibility of correction of transcranial electrotherapy stimulation (TES-therapy) of stress-induced c-fos expression in PBMC of rats with high or low resistance to stress, predicted from differences in their modified forced swim test results. As a model of combined stress, a modified forced swim test and orthostatic stress were used. The expression of the c-fos gene in PBMC was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Relative c-fos expression in low resistance control group (Me=0,03) was statistically significantly less than that in high resistance control group (Me=1,3). TES-therapy was accompanied by a statistically significant increase in relative c-fos expression (Me=1) in low resistance treatment group. In high resistance treatment group TES-therapy, on the contrary, was accompanied by a decrease in relative c-fos expression (Me=0,15). These effects reflect the systemic stress limiting action of TES-therapy, which has a pronounced homeostatic character.
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