Local injection of verapamil into ventrolateral region of the medulla oblongata triggered the release of epinephrine. Verapamil increased the total content of norepinephrine and epinephrine by 560% and decreased the content of serotonin by 46%. Verapamil had no effect on norepinephrine/epinephrine and norepinephrine/(norepinephrine+epinephrine) ratios in normal rats. Blockade of K+-channels in the medulla oblongata by local injection of 0.001 mg amiodarone did not change the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine and norepinephrine/epinephrine and norepinephrine/(norepinephrine+epinephrine) ratios. In the medulla oblongata, verapamil proportionally increased the levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, and L-DOPA. Similarly, amiodarone increased the levels of L-DOPA and dopamine by 2.6 and 3.2 times, respectively. Amiodarone shifted the ratio of neuroactive amino acids towards inhibitory transmitters.
Aim.The main aim of this research is to overview some main methods of anxiety assessment of animals by the behavioral tests based on the unconditional models. Animal models of anxiety disorders are actively used for studying their etiology and pathogenesis and for their treatment and prevention. This review describes some basic unconditional methods of anxiety disorders assessment in laboratory animals: open field test, light-dark box test / light-dark exploration box, elevated plus-maze and Suok test. The principles of conducting this test, regulated parameters and their link with anxiety-level are described.Conclusion.A modern researcher possesses different methods of modeling anxiety disorders in rodents. The tendency to an in-depth assessment of the behavioral reactions is noted. The use of the described models allows us to reveal and analyze the anxiolytic activity of new pharmacological drugs and non-pharmacological methods of pathological anxiety management. The most important aspect of performing this research is the correct matching of received data and normal and pathological human physiology features.
In this review we analyzed the guidelines for diagnosis and management of celiac disease, as well as the recent studies published on this issue. Capsule endoscopy could be used in patients unwilling or unable to undergo conventional endoscopy, in patients who have discordant results between serological and histopathological investigation, in patients with nonresponsive or refractory celiac disease.
Оригинальные исследОвания Экспериментальная медицина В ыявление антипролиферативного эффекта D-аспарагина (моноамид D-аспарагиновой кислоты) положило начало разработке новых противорубцовых препаратов на его основе [1, 2]. Этому способствовало изучение биологической роли D-аспарагиновой кислоты, которая является одним из важнейших нейротрансмиттеров, участвует в регуляции деятельности иммунной системы и оказывает влияние на секрецию мелатонина, пролактина, тестостерона, лютеинизиру-ющего и соматотропного гормонов, присутствуя в коже и соединительной ткани человека [3, 4]. Найдены упоминания как об угнетающем влиянии D-аспарагиновой кислоты на пролиферативную активность опухолевых клеток, так и о стимуляции роста онкогенных клеток, в частности эпителия молочной железы человека (линия MCF-7) [5, 6]. Если рассматривать D-аспарагин в качестве основы для разработки препарата, способного ограничить разрастание рубцовой ткани, то исходно не
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