A large proportion of global natural rubber production takes place in Southeast Asia. The majority of this rubber is produced by smallholders. Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia are the three principal countries involved. In Malaysia and Indonesia the smallholder sector accounts for 72% and 84% of total rubber production respectively. In other countries rubber plays a significant role on a more local basis, lmperata is a serious problem for the smallholder rubber farmer in most of Southeast Asia in three respects: the high cost (labour and/or capital) of opening lmperata-infested land, its competitive effect on rubber and annual intercrops, and the fire hazard that it poses during the dry season as a major source of combustible material. The costs of lmperata to smallholders are substantial in terms of a direct loss through fire and revenue foregone or delayed as a result of competition. Most smallholders intercrop their rubber during the first 1-3 years after planting it, and during this period lmperata is reasonably well controlled.Intercropping is only feasible for a limited period because of limited soil fertility and/or the shading effect of the rubber trees. After intercropping, lmperata tends to establish itself for a few years until it too is shaded out by the rubber. This is the problem period, during which farmers practise only limited weed management, if any.A large amount of research has been done on methods of controlling lmperata, but the recommended methods have been generally spurned by smallholders unless they have been given subsidies to apply them. This paper describes the precise nature of the Imperata problem, with reference to some of the smallholder rubber-based farming systems within Southeast Asia; the different lmperata control strategies currently practised in these farming systems; and some of the constraints on the adoption of currently and recently recommended practices. It then proposes a ten-point agenda for research on lmperata control, including two ways in which current research programmes could be usefully reoriented: first, they need to take greater account of smallholder farming systems and constraints; and second they should shift their emphasis from single-method to integrated control systems. 84

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Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that is a major health problem for women. When the right breast has been infected by Breast cancer then the contralateral (left breast) should be examined to determine whether that particular area has also been affected by Breast cancer. To solve this problem, scientists have developed a computer Audit for early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Conversion of images to numerical models has

Detection of water surface altitude is an indicator for early detection of flood disasters. The research aims to design a water surface-level detection system by using ultrasonic sensors and the ESP8266-12E module. The tools and materials used during the design are: Ultrasonic sensors HC-SR04, module ESP8266-12E, and buzzer a water container with a varied water height, the detection data will be sent to the ESP8266-12E module, then the system will send the information an output to sound the alarm. The ultrasonic HC-SR04 sensor will detect the mation in the form of a message through telegram and buzzer application. The messages delivered are several stages including standby, alert, and danger. The methods used in this design are planning, study libraries, collection of tools and materials, hardware plan, and program creation on the software. The final result is a system capable of detecting water surface level based on the ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 and the ESP8266-12E module through telegram and buzzer communication media.

Currently LPG (Liquid Petroleun Gas) in the form of methane / butane widely used by society. So that kerosene that used to be often used has been abandoned by society and replaced by LPG. By using this LPG many benefits can be obtained by society. For instance LPG usage is much more efficient. But there are also shortcomings that we must consider when using this LPG is in terms of security. This is because the gas is flammable so it can cause a fire / explosion. Therefore the LPG leakage controller was designed using SMS via SIM800L with MQ-2 sensor and Arduino UNO stepper motor. This tool consists of several series of sensor circuit, an arduino UNO minimum system, stepper motor driver circuit, SIM800L circuit and alarm circuit. From the research results obtained, LPG leakage controller is able to detect leakage starting from the sensor output value 32-553.

Monitoring of humidity for Oyster Mushroom cultivation room in Bali especially in Oka Jamur Bali still monitor their Oyster Mushroom cultivation room using thermohygrometer which is placed in their cultivation room. It is not efficient because operator only can monitor the humidity of mushroom cultivation when they are stay at the cultivation room. Monitoring system for oyster mushroom cultivation room by web can be used to make farmer work more efficient because they can monitor the humidity of the cultivation room anywhere by accessing the website. The proposed system is able to monitoring humidity of oyster mushroom cultivation room and present the data of humidity on website for every 3 minutes in the form of tables and graphs. ATmega328P-PU as the main controller of the system is sending the data of humidity to database of server via SIM800L. Calibration of DHT11 done at BBMKG region III Denpasar resulting compatibility of instrument designed in system with reference instrument that obtained from calibration is equal to 99,81%. System tested in one of oyster mushroom cultivation space belong to Oka Jamur Bali, obtained that range of humidity of oyster mushroom space is equal to 83%-85%.

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An experiment was conducted to investigate Gliricidia sepium in ration containing rice straw on rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis (MPS) of indigenous Bali cattle. Randomized Block Design consisted of four ration treatments with three blocks of liveweight as replicate was used in this study. Average liveweights for group I, II and III were 195.25 kg, 230.5 kg and 241.75 kg, respectively. The four rations based on dry matter were: A (0% rice straw+15% Gliricidiasepium+45% elephant grass+10% calliandra+30% concentrate); B (10% rice straw+20% Gliricidia sepium+30% elephant grass+10% calliandra+30% concentrate); C (20% rice straw+25% Gliricidia sepium+15% elephant grass+10% calliandra+30% concentrate) and D (30% rice straw+30% Gliricidia sepium+0% elephant grass+10% calliandra+30% concentrate). Variables measured were digestible nutrient, rumen fermentation and MPS that were analyzed by analysis of variance. Results showed that the Total VFA and propionic acid were significantly (P<0.05) higher in cattle received ration containing more Gliricidia sepium, resulting in the highest MPS in ration C. The relationship between the Total of VFA concentration andMPSshowing in equation: Y = 2.633 X-34.25 where Y = MPS(g/d) and X = Total VFA, with R 2 = 0.77. It was concluded that formula diet containing 20% rice straw supplemented with 25% Gliricidia sepium, 15% elephant grass, 10% calliandra and 30% concentrate improved the Total VFA of ruminal fluid and MPS of indigenous Bali cattle.