En las últimas décadas, diversos procesos de convergencia digital y tecnológica hicieron posible la mutación de los formatos narrativos y la aparición de nuevas especies en el campo de la comunicación. Las narrativas de no-ficción no resultaron ajenas a estas transformaciones. Muy por el contrario, muchos proyectos documentales y periodísticos comenzaron a asumir formas interactivas y transmediales, experimentando con múltiples lenguajes, desarrollando estrategias participativas e historias que se expanden en diversas plataformas y soportes. En Latinoamérica, el campo de la no ficción exhibe profundas raíces, sostenidas en la pluma de sus grandes cronistas y en las producciones audiovisuales de sus escuelas de documental político y social. Esta huella de identidad puede rastrearse igualmente en los formatos interactivos, en ocasiones mencionados como webdocs, idocs, documentales multimedia interactivos e incluso en proyectos transmedia, de corte documental o periodístico. El documental interactivo y transmedia en América Latina tiene ya más de dos décadas de desarrollo y consolidación. A lo largo de su extensa geografía es posible reconocer algunos polos de producción muy activos en la búsqueda de formatos innovadores y en la experimentación con nuevas tecnologías para narrar historias del orden de lo real. El presente número de Hipertext.net propone una mirada crítica que permita mapear el estado de la cuestión, historizando sus producciones, analizando sus características intrínsecas, revisando sus experiencias de diseño narrativo, circulación y consumo, e identificando asimismo los desafíos y oportunidades que se presentan para la no-ficción interactiva y transmedia en esta región del mundo.
This chapter proposes a journey through an experience of transmedia journalism developed by the multimedia communication team at the National University of Rosario, Argentina, focusing on the transformation of the current media ecosystem, the characteristics assumed by transmedia storytelling in a nonfictional field, and the development of the transmedia script for the project Women for Sale, a transmedia documentary that addresses the trafficking of people for the purposes of sexual exploitation. The creation of a complex narrative universe and the definitions of stories, platforms, user experiences, and the execution of a transmedia project are analyzed in light of what has been learned in this experience of journalistic production.
In the current media ecology, audiences are constantly tempted by many types of content scattered across connected platforms. Since cultural goods consumption is a practice that now takes place in a constant flow across different platforms, news and documentary narratives must take advantage of the malleability of digital language to engage citizens. Narratives change according to the dominant intellectual technology of the time. In this way, oral narratives are different from printed media and the transmedia storytelling that digital communication promotes. DocuMedia: Social Media Journalism is a series of interactive documentaries developed in Argentina at Rosario National University to bring users new narratives of local interest around journalistic research topics. DocuMedia is the result of crossing documentary, investigative journalism, and data journalism techniques with a focus on users’ participation and the expansion of narrative plots. DocuMedia projects are an example of location-based storytelling, that is, a narrative that stems from hyperlocal space and place and operates as a device of constant social reconstruction. In these experiences, memory is understood as the meanings that citizens share and, above all, develop as a social practice, through which identity is expressed and shaped. The fifth DocuMedia project, Women for Sale: Human Trafficking with Sexual Exploitation in Argentina, was launched in 2015 and took on the challenge of making the leap from multimedia journalism to transmedia journalism. The transmedia framework for Women for Sale included a webdoc, or interactive multimedia documentary, a serial graphic novel of five episodes (print and digital version), posters on the street with augmented reality interaction, short videos projected on indoor and outdoor LED screens, television spots, a collaborative map, a television documentary, mobisodes, the e-book What Happens Next? Contributions and Challenges for the Reconstruction of Rights of Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation Victims, and a social media strategy designed to share information about trafficking in Argentina and to call community to action.
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