Of the 26 supervision techniques, the most widely used in Indonesia are teachers' meetings, trainings, peer discussions, seminars, and upgrading programs, while in the Philippines they are seminars, lesson study, self-evaluation, peer discussions, and teacher's meetings. On the other hand, there is a significant influence on the use of techniques, principles, and instructional supervision approaches on the variations of teacher learning models. The principle of instructional supervision has the most dominant effect on the variations of teacher learning models and materials.
Abstract-The study aimed to develop critical thinking in chemistry using the Third International Mathematics and Science Survey Questionnaire (TIMSS-Like Test Items) and to lessen or eradicate misconception of students in the scientific concepts. A total of 99 third year Muslim students were selected and grouped into experimental and control group based on their respective section assignment. The experimental group underwent treatment using activity-based learning in a cooperative learning environment, while the control group used only the chalk and board discussions without hands-on. Three instruments were used namely: activities lifted from the TIMSS-R manual, the TIMSS-Like test items, and the selfassessment questionnaire. Both groups are exposed to pre-test and post-test after the conduct of the study. Findings revealed that the experimental group performed better than the control group. Majority of the students in the experimental group realized that the treatment motivated them to think critically. Through hands-on their misconceptions was corrected and lessened. Moreover, they also realized that the activity -based technique in the teaching -learning process is interesting, more fun and encouraging.
Abstract-Healing beliefs and practices among Subanen and Mansaka in Lapuyan Zamboanga Del Sur and CompostelaValley province respectively was examined using qualitative and ethnographic techniques. The data gathered were analyzed using themes namely; factual, traditional and magical. Route and dosage of administration of herbal medicine, as well as the parts of the plant used were also identified. The emic -etic perspectives were used as basis for identifying the scientific basis of the plants used by the Subanen and Mansaka as their herbal remedies. The relative importance and healing practices among Subanen and Mansaka was reported to have some factual evidence.Index Terms-Healing beliefs, emic-etic perspective.
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