The hydroalcoholic extract (HE) obtained from stems and leaves of Hedyosmum brasiliense, given i.p., produced significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction in mice, with a mean ID50 of 12.7 mg/kg. This effect installed rapidly (0.5 h) and lasted for up to 2 h. Given orally up to 1000 mg/kg, the HE was ineffective. When assessed in the formalin response the HE, given i.p., inhibited the first and second phase, with ID50s of 31.1 and 21.7 mg/kg for the first and the second phases, respectively. The HE also inhibited capsaicin-induced neurogenic pain with ID50 of 69.0 mg/kg, but, in contrast to morphine, failed to cause analgesia in either the tail-flick or hot-plate models of pain. In addition, its antinociception was not reversed by naloxone. The sesquiterpene lactone 13-hydroxy-8,9-dehydroshizukanolide, isolated from H. brasiliense and already reported in other plant species (given by i.p., i.t., or i.c.v. routes) exhibited graded antinociception against acetic-acid writhing and capsaicin-induced licking. Additionally, we have corrected some physico-chemical data already reported for this compound. It is concluded that both the extract and the sesquiterpene lactone isolated from H. brasiliense produced marked antinociception in different models of chemical pain. The site of action involved in the antinociception of the 13-hydroxy-8,9-dehydroshizukanolide remains unclear, but the opioid pathway seems unlikely to be involved in its action.

-The chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an unusual but important complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) rarely reported to date. We describe a 17-year-old woman with a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia due to Fanconi's anemia who was submitted to allogeneic HSCT and developed CIDP as part of graft-versus-host disease. Investigation showed high cerebrospinal fluid protein; electrophysiological studies revealed sensory-motor demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy; muscle and nerve biopsy were compatible with CIDP.KEY WORDS: graft-versus-host disease, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, bone marrow transplantation, neuropathy, polyneuropathy.polirradiculoneuropatia desmielinizante inflamatória crônica na doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro após transplante de células hematopoiéticas alogênicas: relato de caso RESUMO -A polirradiculoneuropatia desmielinizante inflamatória crônica (CIDP) é uma incomum, porém, importante complicação do transplante de células hematopoiéticas (HSCT) raramente relatada até a data. Nós descrevemos uma mulher de 17 anos com diagnóstico de leucemia mielóide aguda por anemia de Fanconi que foi submetida à HSCT e desenvolveu CIDP como parte da doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro. A investigação mostrou elevação na proteína no líquor; estudo eletrofisiológico revelando polirradiculoneuropatia desmielinizante sensitivo-motora; e biópsia de músculo e nervo compatível com CIDP. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro, transplante de células hematopoiéticas, transplante de medula óssea, neuropatia, polineuropatia.

The antinociception caused by the hydroalcoholic extract of Siphocampylus verticillatus (Campanulaceae) has been investigated in chemical and thermal models of nociception in mice. We have also assessed some of the mechanisms underlying the antinociceptive effect of the extract. The hydroalcoholic extract of S. verticillatus (60-1000 mg kg-1, i.p. or p.o.) produced dose-related, significant and long-lasting (6 to 8 h) inhibition of acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction in mice, with ID50 values of 204 and approximately 1000 mg kg-1, respectively. In the formalin test, the extract (100-1000 mg kg-1), given either intraperitoneally or orally, resulted in graded inhibition of both phases of formalin-induced pain, being about 2- to 4-fold more potent in attenuating the second phase of the pain. The calculated mean ID50 (mg kg-1) values for the earlier and the later phases were: 491 and 186 and 640 and 441, respectively. In addition, the extract (60-1000 mg kg-1, i.p. or p.o.) caused marked and dose-related inhibition of capsaicin-induced neurogenic pain with mean ID50 values of 420 and 485 mg kg-1, respectively. The hydroalcoholic extract, at the same doses, did not significantly affect the performance of animals in the rota-rod test, nor did it have any analgesic effect in the tail-flick or hot-plate tests. The treatment of animals with naloxone (5 mg kg-1, s.c.) significantly reversed the analgesic effect of both morphine (5 mg kg-1, s.c.) and the extract (300 mg kg-1, i.p.) when assessed against acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions. The treatment of animals with L-arginine (600 mg kg-1, i.p.) significantly attenuated the antinociceptive effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) (75 mg kg-1, i.p.), of the hydroalcoholic extract (600 mg kg-1, i.p.) or of morphine (5 mg kg-1, s.c.), when analysed against the formalin test. In addition, adrenalectomy of animals 7 days before the tests significantly reversed the antinociception caused by the hydroalcoholic extract (300 mg kg-1, i.p.) in the formalin-induced pain. These data show that the hydroalcoholic extract of S. verticillatus has significant and long-lasting oral antinociception when assessed against both neurogenic and inflammatory models of nociception in mice. The precise mechanism responsible for the analgesic effect of the extract still remains unclear, but a great part of this effect seems to be partly related to an opioid-like action and involvement of the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. Finally, the antinociception caused by the hydroalcoholic extract of S. verticillatus is modulated by adrenal hormones.

No abstract

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares de 7 a 17 anos, residentes nos municípios pertencentes a Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Regional (SDR) de São Miguel do Oeste/SC. Participaram do presente estudo 1.728 escolares, sendo 902 do gênero masculino e 826 do feminino. O IMC foi calculado e classificado conforme o procedimento utilizado pelo PROESP-BR. A análise de freqüência foi utilizada para verificar a distribuição de sobrepeso e obesidade e o teste do qui-quadrado para atestar as diferenças entre os valores percentuais (%) no que diz respeito ao gênero, município e IMC. O nível de significância adotado foi P≤0,05. Dos 1.728 escolares, constatou-se sobrepeso em 351 (20,3%) e obesidade em 91 (5,3%). Ao comparar os gêneros, verificou-se que a prevalência de sobrepeso foi maior no gênero masculino do que no feminino, principalmente nos municípios de Belmonte/SC (P=0,021), Descanso/SC (P=0,010) e São Miguel do Oeste/SC (P=0,009). Em relação à obesidade, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os sexos. Dessa forma, conclui-se que em ambos os gêneros, a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares de 7 a 17 anos, residentes nos municípios pertencentes a SDR de São Miguel do Oeste/SC, é considerada alta, pois atinge uma fração de 24,8% da população feminina e 26,4% da masculina.

No abstract

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is a treatable rare autossomal recessive disease characterized by lipid storage secondary to a sterol 27-hydroxylase deficiency in the formation of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids. We describe two Brazilian brothers with cognitive impairement and chronic diarrhea. One of them also presents bilateral cataracts. Neurological findings were progressive walking deficit, limb ataxia and pyramidal signs. Both patients had bilateral Achilles tendon xanthomata. Magnetic resonance image showed signal alterations in cerebellar hemispheres. We describe these cases with molecular genetic analysis confirming diagnosis and comparing with previous literature. The CYP27A1 gene study showed a C1187T mutation on exon 6.

RESUMO -Analizamos retrospectivamente as tomografias computadorizadas (TC) de crânio de 1000 pacientes consecutivos, com história clínica de crises epilépticas classificadas do ponto de vista clínico em generalizadas (CG) e parciais (CP). Nossos resultados mostraram a presença de CG em 70,7% dos pacientes, sendo 57,1% do sexo masculino e 42,9% do sexo feminino e, CP em 29,3%, sendo 60,0% do sexo maculino e 40,0% do sexo femninino. As faixas etárias de maior incidência foram entre 0 a 10 (31,0%) e 11 a 20 (21,8%) anos nos pacientes com CG e 0 a 10 (24,5%), 21 a 30 (16,7%) e 31 a 40 anos (18,4%) nos pacientes com CP. Os resultados tomográficos no grupo com CG foram: normais (48,8%) e alterados em 51,2%, sendo esses achados definidos como calcificações/cisticercose (14,0%), neurocisticercose/cistos (9,6%) hidrocefalia (4,4%), infarto (4,2%), indefinido (4,0%), tumor (2,5%) entre outros (12,5,%). Nos pacientes com CP os exames tomográficos foram normais em 37,4%, alterados em 62,7%, tendo os diagnósticos de neurocisticercose/cistos (12,2%), calcificações/cisticercose (11,2%), tumor (10,5%), indefinido (8,1%), infarto (5,4%), hidrocefalia (3,7%) e outros (11,6%). Salientamos a importância da TC em pacientes com epilepsia, particularmente para o diagnóstico de neurocisticercose.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: epilepsia, tomografia computadorizada, neurocisticercose.CT findings in 1000 consecutive patients with seizures CT findings in 1000 consecutive patients with seizures CT findings in 1000 consecutive patients with seizures CT findings in 1000 consecutive patients with seizures CT findings in 1000 consecutive patients with seizures ABSTRACT -We analized the cranial computorized tomography scans (CT) of 1000 consecutive patients with the history of seizures. The seizures were classified in generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GS) and partial seizures (PS) on the basis of the clinical semiology, as it was described by the patients and family members. Seizure types were correlated with age group, sex and CT findings. GS were observed in 70.7% of the patients and PS in 29.3 %. An increased incidence of GS was noted among the age groups 0 to 10 yrs (31%) and 11 to 20 yrs (21.8%). For PS the 0 to 10 yrs (24.5 %), 21 to 30 yrs (16.7%) and 31 tp 40 yrs (18.5%) age groups were the most prevalent groups. The CT scan findings for the GS group were the following: normal studies 48.8 % of the patients, calcifications/cysticercosis (14.0%), neurocysticercosis/cysts (9.6 %), hydrocephalus (4.3%), ischemia (4.2 %), non-definite lesions (4.1 %), tumor (2.5%), and others (12.5%). In the PS group we found 37.4% of normal studies, calcifications/cysticercosis (11.2%), neurocysticercosis/cysts (12.2%), tumor (10.5%), ischemia (5.4%), hydrocephalus (3.7%), non-definite lesions (8.1%) and others (11.6%). We emphasize the importance of CT scan imaging in patients presenting with seizures, particularly in the diagnosis of cysticercosis.KEY WORDS: epilepsy, computed tomography, cysticercosis.A determinação da etiologia das crises epilépti-cas mudou significa...