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Background/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the intake of a single dose of cinnamon infusion on energy metabolism, appetite responses and food intake in healthy individuals. Methods: This was an open randomized crossover clinical trial, with a minimum washout of seven days, which was conducted in which two standardized breakfasts were served randomly: one with cinnamon infusion (2g, Cinnamomum sp.) And one with water (control). The study included 21 healthy volunteers. Energy expenditure (EE), diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), respiratory quotient (RQ), substrate oxidation and appetite responses were evaluated, as well as prospective food intake. Results: Ingestion of cinnamon infusion did not alter EE, DIT, RQ or substrate oxidation. The incremental area under the curve for hunger, satiety and desire to eat did not differ between the treatment with cinnamon infusion and water, however, there was a reduction in the feeling of satiety (p=0.021) compared to the control treatment. The energy consumption of the first meal after treatment was higher (p=0.05) in the treatment with cinnamon infusion than in the control treatment. Regarding macronutrients or food intake throughout the day, there was no difference between treatments. Conclusions: Although it did not affect energy metabolism, consuming a single dose of cinnamon infusion promoted less feeling of satiety and increased energy intake in the first meal after treatment. The study protocol was registered at the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry Platform (RBR-5ftg3z).

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa tea on energy expenditure, satiety response and food intake. This is an open-label, crossover, randomized clinical trial (RBR-5HZ86T), including 21 subjects (11 women, 10 men). The individuals were evaluated at acute moments (fasting and after eating standardized breakfast accompanied by water or Hibiscus sabdariffa tea). Resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry, subjective satiety responses were evaluated with a visual analogue scale and food intake was assessed by using food records. The volunteers who drank the Hibiscus sabdariffa tea had lower perception of hunger (p=0.002) and greater feeling of satiety (p=0.010) and fullness (p=0.009) compared to control. Men who ingested the Hibiscus sabdariffa tea had an increase in nitrogen energy expenditure (water: 1501±290.7kcal, Hibiscus sabdariffa tea: 1619±288.9kcal; p=0.029). In comparison to control, men presented less perception of hunger (p=0.003) and desire to eat (p=0.016), increased satiety (p=0.021) and fullness (p=0.010), and women oxidized more fat (p=0.034) when they drank Hibiscus sabdariffa tea. There was no difference between treatments regarding the energy and macronutrient intake from the first meal and throughout the day (p>0.050) for all participants. The Hibiscus sabdariffa tea only affected energy expenditure and satiety responses in men. Clinical trial registry: ReBEC Platform of the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry - RBR-5HZ86T Novelty bullets • Hibiscus sabdariffa tea promoted an increase in energy expenditure and caused less perception of hunger/desire to eat in men. • Hibiscus sabdariffa tea intake increased postprandial fat oxidation in women.

Nutrient profiling is the science of classifying or ranking foods according to their nutritional composition, for reasons related to disease prevention and health promotion. To be effective, policies such as front-of-pack nutrition labeling (FoPNL) must have an adequate nutritional profile model, since it will determine which products will be eligible to receive a FoPNL. This study aimed to determine the percentage of packaged food and drink products available in Brazil that would be subject to FoPNL under two different legislations: Brazilian and Mexican. This is a cross-sectional study in which we collected information on food products (photos of the ingredients list, the front label, the barcode, and the nutrition facts table) from one of the largest stores of a supermarket chain in the city of Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, from March to May 2021 (~6 months after the publication of the Brazilian legislation about FoPNL and a year and a half before the legislation came into force). The products were classified in relation to the BNPM (added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium) and the MNPM (energy, free sugars, saturated fats, trans fats, sodium, non-sugar sweeteners, and caffeine). A total of 3384 products were collected and, after applying the exclusion criteria, 3,335 products were evaluated. Of these, 2,901 would be eligible to receive FoPNL in Brazil and 2,914 would be eligible to receive FoPNL in Mexico. According to the BNPM, 56.7% (95% CI 54.9; 58.5%) of the products were “high in” critical nutrients, 27.1% (95% CI 25.5; 28.7%) of the products in added sugars, 26.7% (95% CI 25.2; 28.4%) of the products in saturated fats, and 21.4% (95% CI 19.9; 22.9%) of the products in sodium. As for the MNPM, 96.8% (95% CI 96.1; 97.4%) of them were “high in” up to five critical nutrients and up to two warning rectangles (caffeine and non-sugar sweeteners), 45.8% (95% CI 44.0; 47.6%) of them in free sugars, 43.7% (95% CI 41.9; 45.5%) of them in saturated fats, and 47.9% (95% CI 46.1; 49.7%) of them in sodium. We concluded that the eligibility to receive FoPNL by BNPM and MNPM was relatively similar between products; however, almost all products would have at least one FoPNL and/or warning rectangles according to Mexican legislation, and nearly half of them would have at least one FoPNL, considering BNPM. The MNPM is much more restrictive than the BNPM. The Nutrient Profile Model (NPM) that regulates FoPNL, and other health policies, must be carefully defined to ensure that foods are properly classified according to their healthiness.

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