RESUMOEste artigo tem por objetivo, a partir da compreensão histórica de como o campo da Neuropsicologia se constituiu, propor diretrizes para a pesquisa em avaliação e a reabilitação neuropsicológica no Brasil. A história da Neuropsicologia é apresentada através de três grandes temáticas: hipótese cardíaca versus hipótese cerebral, localizacionismo versus holismo e funcionalismo versus cognitivismo. Estes temas influenciaram as pesquisas em Neuropsicologia e delimitaram as práticas atuais na área. O presente artigo enfoca dois temas importantes na atualidade da Neuropsicologia, especialmente no Brasil: primeiro, o tópico da avaliação neuropsicológica no contexto do desenvolvimento humano e, segundo, a temática da reabilitação neuropsicológica em diversos grupos. O estudo sobre as diferenças no funcionamento cerebral nas diferentes faixas etárias, crianças e idosos é brevemente apresentado como campo relevante para a construção teórica e prática da neuropsicologia. Finalmente, as dificuldades encontradas em implementar intervenções em reabilitação no Brasil são discutidas. Palavras-chave: neuropsicologia; avaliação neuropsicológica; reabilitação neuropsicológica. ABSTRACT Neuropsychological Assessment and Rehabilitation:Historical Development and Current Perspectives The present paper aimed to briefly present a historical view of Neuropsychology and later, to propose research topics in Brazil. Neuropsychology history encompassed at least three major themes: the cardiac hypothesis versus the brain hypothesis, localizationism versus holism and functionalism versus cognitivism. These themes influenced research in neuropsychology and based current practice. Furthermore, two important aspects of neuropsychology are discussed: neuropsychological assessment in different age groups and neuropsychological rehabilitation. Major topics involved on the study of the differences in brain functioning through life span are briefly presented and their role in building evidence-based practice and in supporting theoretical models is showed. Finally, several difficulties found in adapting neuropsychological rehabilitation to the Brazilian context are discussed. Keywords: neuropsychology; neuropsychological assessment; neuropsychological rehabilitation.A Neuropsicologia, num sentido lato, é o estudo das relações entre o cérebro e o comportamento e, num sentido stricto, é o campo de atuação profissional que investiga as alterações cognitivas e comportamentais associadas às lesões cerebrais. Este estudo é realizado mediante a aplicação dos conhecimentos advindos das várias disciplinas acadêmicas que configuram o campo das neurociências (neuroanatomia, neurofisiologia, neuroquímica e neurofarmacologia) e de atuação profissional do psicólogo (psicometria, psicologia clínica, psicologia experimental, psicopatologia e psicologia cognitiva).Os dois principais empregos da neuropsicologia são a avaliação e a reabilitação neuropsicológica. A avaliação neuropsicológica é realizada mediante a aplicação de uma bateria de testes psicométricos que...
Over recent years, neuropsychological research has been increasingly concerned with the need to develop more ecologically valid instruments for the assessment of executive functions. The Hotel Task is one of the most widely used ecological measures of executive functioning, and provides an assessment of planning, organization, self-monitoring and cognitive flexibility.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to adapt the Hotel Task for use in the Brazilian population.MethodsThe sample comprised 27 participants (three translators, six expert judges, seven healthy adults, ten patients with traumatic brain injuries and one hotel manager). The adaptation process consisted of five steps, which were repeated until a satisfactory version of the task was produced. The steps were as follows:(1) Translation;(2) Development of new stimuli and brainstorming among the authors;(3) Analysis by expert judges;(4) Pilot studies;(5) Assessment by an expert in business administration and hotel management.ResultsThe adapted version proved adequate and valid for the assessment of executive functions. However, further research must be conducted to obtain evidence of the reliability, as well as the construct and criterion validity, sensitivity and specificity, of the Hotel Task.ConclusionMany neurological and/or psychiatric populations may benefit from the adapted task, since it may make significant contributions to the assessment of dysexecutive syndromes and their impact on patient functioning.
This study describes the adaptation of a revised Brazilian version of the Patient Competency Rating Scale (PCRS-R-BR), which focuses on executive, mnemonic, and attention functions. Evidence of content-based and external validity is also reported. The cross-cultural adaptation was conducted in five phases: 1) translations and back translations; 2) item analysis by authors; 3) classification by experts; 4) revisions and reformulations by authors; 5) pilot study with a sample of patients with mild and moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Data were analyzed descriptively, and the PCRS-R-BR scores of groups with mild vs. moderate/severe TBI were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. Patients and their relatives were divided into groups and compared using repeated-measures analysis. The results of the PCRS-R-BR questionnaire for relatives and discrepancy scores of patients with moderate/severe TBI revealed significantly more impairment than that found in the group of patients with mild TBI. There were significant differences between item and total scores of both groups of patients and relatives. Results indicated a high level of item content agreement between experts. This study found initial evidence of PCRS-R-BR content-based and external validity when the questionnaire was applied to patients with mild and moderate/severe TBI and their relatives.
A visão que o irmão mais velho de uma criança diagnosticada com síndrome de Down possui da dinâmica da sua família On the perception the older brother of a child diagnosed with Down syndrome has of his family dynamics
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important health problem in Brazil. It frequently results in a variety of sequelae, including cognitive, behavioral, and physical impairments that are frequently related to difficulties in community reintegration and successful rehabilitation outcomes. The literature shows that several variables are involved in positive outcomes, including neuropsychological deficits, services received, and social support. Brazil has a paucity of rehabilitation programs for persons with TBI. Intervention outcomes are underreported, and culturally adapted rehabilitation strategies are rarely found. The present study describes a rehabilitation program, presents emotional factors as an important outcome, and discusses a case that illustrates the major points debated.
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