The aim of this work was to study whether the increase in antioxidant defenses associated with orchiectomy may account for the reduced susceptibility to aluminum (Al) in male kidney and also to examine whether the reduced antioxidant defenses are associated with androgen levels in orchiectomized (ORX) rats treated with testosterone propionate (TP). Rats were divided into nine groups, namely, intact males (without treatment, treated with sodium lactate, and treated with Al), sham males, ORX males (without treatment, treated with sodium lactate, treated with TP, treated with Al, and treated with TP and Al). Al groups were chronically treated with aluminum lactate for 12 weeks (0.575 mg Al/100 g of body weight, intraperitoneally, three times per week). We reported that ORX rats treated with Al had significantly less lipid peroxidation and an increased level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH/oxidized glutathione ratio in the kidney when compared with intact and TP-treated ORX rats. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in ORX rats was much greater than in intact or TP-administered ORX rats. Castration reduced the glomerular alterations caused by Al as well as the number of necrotic tubular cells and nuclear abnormalities. However, we observed a slight alteration in brush border, dilation of proximal tubules, mononuclear infiltrates, and interstitial fibrosis. Castrated males treated with TP showed that this intervention cancels the protective effect of the ORX. This finding suggests that androgens contribute to the development of renal alterations and proteinuria in rats treated with Al. Our results showed that ORX rats are protected against the induction of oxidative stress by Al, but the morphological damage to the kidney tissue induced by the cation was only reduced. Male intact rats treated with Al had more severe glomerulosclerosis, tubular damage, and proteinuria than ORX rats.
ResumenEl presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar los alcances que brindan los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, para el estudio comprensivo de la disciplina histología, en comparación con modalidades presenciales.Para tal fin se realizó una investigación tendiente a evaluar los aspectos relevantes de la modalidad de enseñanza propuesta mediante un entorno virtual de enseñanza y aprendizaje (EVEA) comparándola con la modalidad desarrollada durante las clases presenciales de la disciplina histología (coloquios y trabajos prácticos). la investigación permitió conocer las posibilidades que brindan los escenarios presenciales y virtuales para la enseñanza de la disciplina histología, con el fin de encontrar herramientas alternativas que contribuyan a su perfeccionamiento.
Palabras clave: virtualidad, histología, presencialidad
SummaryThis paper aims to analyze the scope offered by virtual learning environments for the comprehensive study of the discipline histology compared with presential modalities.To this end we conducted an investigation aimed at assessing the relevant aspects of the mode of instruction given by a virtual teaching and learning environment (VTlE) comparing with the method developed during the contact sessions (seminars and practical work) of histology discipline.The investigation allowed to know the possibilities offered by real and virtual scenarios for teaching histology discipline, in order to find alternative tools that contribute to its improvement.
La ingesta de GMS (glutamato monosódico) se ha relacionado con múltiples acciones post-ingesta por eso investigamos los efectos de la ingesta crónica. Trabajamos en ratas Wistar machos divididas en dos grupos: control y GMS. El consumo de GMS aumentó el peso corporal, el IMC, la circunferencia abdominal y la grasa retroperitoneal. Las ratas presentaron alteraciones en la tolerancia a la glucosa, hiperinsulinemia con resistencia a la insulina y dislipidemia. Los niveles de triglicéridos y de glucógeno hepáticos fueron significativamente mayores. GMS no afectó significativamente la peroxidación lipídica hepática. El aumento de las actividades de GPx y GR fue acompañado con una disminución en la de SOD, sin cambios en la de CAT. La valoración histológica mostró que el GMS induce diferentes grados de degeneración, inflamación e hialinización en hepatocitos, con pocos focos de necrosis. La ingesta de GMS ejerció efectos sobre el metabolismo de los carbohidratos y lípidos, sin cambios importantes en el estado oxidativo pero con inducción de alteraciones de la histología hepática.
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