Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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Cranial computed tomography showing posterior cortical-subcortical calcifications in the occipital and occipitoparietal regionsThe male patient was a 24-year-old student who was a native of São Paulo (SP). The onset of left hemibody numbness associated with decreased strength and difficulty speaking was 15 days ago. It progressed with decreased bilateral visual acuity. After 90 minutes, the patient presented with photophobia and severe holocranial headaches, which were unresponsive to common analgesics. The headaches improved after analgesic medication, but the visual change persisted. For his past medical history, the patient has had recurrent episodes of "sparkles" in his vision that progressed to headaches since he was 12 years of age. He was evaluated by a neurologist at that time and showed changes in the central nervous system, but no specific diagnosis was indicated. The patient reported the occurrence of four additional episodes over the past year that were similar to the current episode, although the intensity of the headaches was lower. In his family history, there have been cases of migraine headaches. Since the last episode, the patient has been taking valproic acid and dexamethasone. An ophthalmologic examination showed a best-corrected

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BACKGROUND: Considerable numbers of individuals present low vision, blindness, illiteracy and other conditions that could possibly impair their identification of medications, such as eye drops. Through helping these individuals to identify their eye drops, they can achieve greater autonomy. Misidentification can be avoided through use of multisensory sleeves that can be adapted to most eye drop bottles. Correct use of eye drops is important for preventing progression of diseases like glaucoma that could potentially lead to blindness. OBJECTIVE: To develop bottle sleeves to aid in identification of eye drops and then interview a group of possible users to evaluate the acceptance of the solution. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional survey performed at an ophthalmological clinic in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. METHODS: We describe the development of multisensory sleeves to assist in identification of eye drops. To assess the acceptance of this solution, we interviewed 18 patients who were currently using three or more types of eye drops. RESULTS: We developed four prototypes for eye drop bottle sleeves and conducted an acceptance test on them. Most of the patients who answered the survey about the sleeves were elderly. Most (95%) reported believing that the sleeves would help reduce the risk of mixing up eye drops with other medications that also dispense drops. They also believed that these would increase their autonomy in using eye drops. CONCLUSION: The solution presented was well accepted and may help increase safety in using eye drops through preventing misidentification.

Introduction: The use of tridimensional (3D) printing in healthcare has contributed to the development of instruments and implants. The 3D printing has also been used for teaching future professionals. In order to have a good 3D printed piece, it is necessary to have high quality images, such as the ones from Computerized Tomography (CT scan) exam, which shows the anatomy from different cuts and allows for a good image reconstruction.Purpose: To propose a protocol for creating digital files from computerized tomography images to be printed in 3D and used as didactic material in the ophthalmology field, using open-source software, InVesalius®, Blender® and Repetier-Host©.Methods: Two orbit CT scan exam images in the DICOM format were used to create the virtual file to be printed in 3D. To edit the images, the software InVesalius® (Version 3.1.1) was used to delimit and clean the structure of interest, and also to convert to STL format. The software Blender® (Version 2.80) was used to refine the image. The STL image was then sent to the Repetier-Host© (Version 2.1.3) software, which splits the image in layers and generates the instructions to print the piece in the 3D printer using the polymer polylactic acid (PLA). Results:The printed anatomical pieces printed reproduced most structures, both bone and soft structures, satisfactorily. However, there were some problems during printing, such as the loss of small bone structures, that are naturally surrounded by muscles due to the lack of support. Conclusion:Despite the difficulties faced during the production of the pieces, it was also possible to reproduce the anatomical structures adequately, which indicates that this protocol of 3D printing from medical images is viable.