Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial chronic disease, commonly associated with alteration in the composition and function of gut microbiota. This process can lead to a decreased production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by the gut microbiota, mainly butyrate, which is an important immunomodulatory molecule in the intestine. Butyrogenic bacteria normally produces butyrate through carbohydrate fermentation or amino acids degradation pathways. This molecule plays an important protective role in intestinal homeostasis acting in both adaptive immunity and innate immunity. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the role of butyrate on the development of IBD and the protective mechanisms of this metabolite on the intestinal mucosa and the whole body, as reported by in vitro and in vivo studies. Thus, butyrate can regulate the activation of regulatory T cells, increasing the acetylation of histones and decreasing the activation of NF-κB. In addition, it can also stimulate the mucus production from epithelial cells and the rearrangement of tight junction proteins.

Autoimmune diseases are still considered to be pressing concerns due the fact that they are leaders in death and disability causes worldwide. Resveratrol is a polyphenol derived from a variety of foods and beverages, including red grapes and red wine. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiaging properties of resveratrol have been reported, and in some animal and human studies this compound reduced and ameliorated the progression of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Thus, this review aims to summarize and critically analyze the role of resveratrol in the modulation of several organ-specific or systemic autoimmune diseases.

Sepsis is a systemic disease with life-threatening potential and is characterized by a dysregulated immune response from the host to an infection. The organic dysfunction in sepsis is associated with the production of inflammatory cascades and oxidative stress. Previous studies showed that Aedes aegypti saliva has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. Considering inflammation and the role of oxidative stress in sepsis, we investigated the effect of pretreatment with salivary gland extract (SGE) from Ae. aegypti in the induction of inflammatory and oxidative processes in a murine cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Here, we evaluated animal survival for 16 days, as well as bacterial load, leukocyte migration, and oxidative parameters. We found that the SGE pretreatment improved the survival of septic mice, reduced bacterial load and neutrophil influx, and increased nitric oxide (NO) production in the peritoneal cavity. With regard to oxidative status, SGE increased antioxidant defenses as measured by Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and glutathione (GSH), while reducing levels of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA). Altogether, these data suggest that SGE plays a protective role in septic animals, contributing to oxidative and inflammatory balance during sepsis. Therefore, Ae. aegypti SGE is a potential source for new therapeutic molecule(s) in polymicrobial sepsis, and this effect seems to be mediated by the control of inflammation and oxidative damage.

espécie existe principalmente nos Estados do Acre, Amazonas, Amapá, Roraima e Pará. Na medicina popular, Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) é uma planta utilizada no tratamento de algumas patologias como: gonorreia, leucorreia, diarreia, úlceras, hemorragias vaginais, impinges, assim como, pode ser usada como agente anti-inflamatório, cicatrizante, adstringente, hemostático, antisséptico e anti-hipertensivo. O barbatimão possui vários compostos produzidos pelo seu metabolismo secundário, como: os alcaloides, terpenos, flavonoides, esteroides e taninos. A atividade farmacológica dessa planta é devido principalmente ao teor de taninos presentes na espécie. Dessa forma, esta revisão aborda uma breve descrição botânica, taxonomia e distribuição geográfica, assim como os aspectos etnobotânicos, fitoquímicos e farmacológicos da espécie. AbstractStryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) is widely distributed in five Brazilian regions, popularly known as

No abstract

No abstract

Sepsis is characterized by the host's dysregulated immune response to an infection followed by a potentially fatal organ dysfunction. Although there have been some advances in the treatment of sepsis, mainly focused on broad-spectrum antibiotics, mortality rates remain high, urging for the search of new therapies. Oxidative stress is one of the main features of septic patients, so antioxidants can be a good alternative treatment. Agaricus brasiliensis is a nutraceutical rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and polysaccharides, exhibiting antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities. Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of A. brasilensis aqueous extract in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model. Our data showed that aqueous extract of A. brasiliensis reduced systemic inflammatory response and improved bacteria clearance and mice survival. In addition, A brasiliensis decreased the oxidative stress markers in serum, peritoneal cavity, heart and liver of septic animals, as well as ROS production ( in vitro and in vivo ) and tert -Butyl hydroperoxide-induced DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors in vitro . In conclusion, the aqueous extract of A. brasiliensis was able to increase the survival of septic animals by a mechanism involving immunomodulatory and antioxidant protective effects.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar a etiologia e o perfil de sensibilidade de bactérias Gram positivas isoladas do leite de vacas com mastite. Foram analisadas amostras de leite provenientes da comunidade Nova Jerusalém, situada no município de Paragominas, Região Sudeste do estado do Pará. Do total de 24 amostras coletadas, 24,56% dos isolados foram identificados como Staphylococcus aureus, 14,03% como Staphylococcus coagulase-negativa e 3,51% Streptococcus spp. Os Staphylococcus aureus apresentaram sensibilidade à ceftiofur, enrofloxacina, estreptomicina, neomicina e norfloxacina e maior resistência à bacitracina, penicilina G e sulfonamidas, já as amostras de Staphylococcus coagulase-negativa, mostraram-se sensíveis aos antimicrobianos cefalotina, ceftiofur, enrofloxacina, estreptomicina e norfloxacina, e demostrou maior resistência à bacitracina e lincomicina, enquanto que nas amostras que foram isoladas Streptococcus spp., observaram-se maiores percentuais de sensibilidade frente a cefalotina, ceftiofur, gentamicina e norfloxacina, e maior resistência a bacitracina e penicilina G. Os resultados obtidos podem estar relacionados ao fato de os antimicrobianos que apresentaram maior eficácia não serem empregados rotineiramente no tratamento dos animais estudados, principalmente por terem um valor de mercado mais alto, em relação aos que obtiveram maior resistência microbiana.