ABSTRACT:We assessed the development of the exploited fish community inside and around the Columbretes Islands Marine Reserve (CIMR), a marine protected area (MPA), 8 to 16 yr after fishing ceased in the reserve. Sampling was by annual lobster trammel net fishing, an experimental technique used inside the CIMR, and on-board commercial operations in adjacent fishing grounds. We examined trends in combined fish abundance and biomass (catch per unit effort), species richness and diversity, size structure, trophic level and species composition of the community. Our results showed the CIMR fish community continued to change throughout the study period as (1) abundance and biomass increased, (2) mean body size and trophic level increased and (3) species composition changed according to a linear model. Relative to nearby fished areas the CIMR fish community had (1) higher abundance and biomass, (2) lower species diversity and higher taxonomic distinctness, (3) larger relative body size and (4) no difference in mean trophic level. We found clear evidence of spillover of fish from the CIMR to the adjacent fishery as commercial fish yields at the MPA border (< 0.5 km from the boundary) increased continuously during the study period, despite being locally depleted due to fishing effort concentration (fishing the line). Furthermore, fish size and diversity at the border were intermediate between the CIMR and other fished zones, suggesting that this is a transitional zone influenced by this MPA. Our results show that changes in community abundance, biomass, size structure and species composition provide a clear and interpretable view of MPA recovery. Diversity indices are also useful; however, their interpretation is more difficult. We conclude that the creation of the CIMR has had a positive effect on the exploitable fish community and that there is evidence of exportation of biomass to the surrounding fishery. We highlight the advantage of using multiple community metrics to study changes in fish communities, yet recommend the need for caution when interpreting them.

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The current studies were undertaken to assess the ability of the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Salmonella typhi to induce protection against challenge with the bacteria in mucin. OMPs were isolated as 2953

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The current studies were undertaken to assess the role of the porins and outer membrane proteins (OMP) in the human immune response to Salmonella typhi 9, 12 Vi:d. Experiments were performed to determinate the lymphocyte activation response to porins in individuals who had been vaccinated against typhoid fever. 10 healthy volunteers were studied before and 10 days after oral or subcutaneous immunisation. Five patients with typhoid fever were also studied. Lymphocyte activation was measured by the 3H thymidine incorporation assay. Individuals with typhoid fever as well as those immunised with oral vaccine responded well to porins and outer membrane proteins, as opposed to those immunised with the subcutaneous vaccine. These results suggest that the porins and OMP play a role in the cellular immune response against Salmonella typhi.

SummaryThe prevalence of antibodies againstEntamoeba histolyticawas studied in the Mexican population using an immunoenzyme assay in solid phase (ELISA) and semiautomatic equipment. The antigen was a mixture of membrane proteins obtained by Triton X-100 extraction from an axenic culture ofEntamoeba histolyticaHM1-IMSS. The method was standardized by comparing serum samples from amoebic liver abscess patients with healthy volunteers. From the 60538 samples suppliedbythe National Seroepidemiology Survey, antibodies were found in 4·49 % (4·32–;4·65% at 95 % confidence limit). More significant titres occurred in the central region of the country. The ratio female to male was 1·25:1. The population living in metropolitan areas had probably been infected at a younger age than those living in the country.Important differences were found in the seroprevalence obtained by ELISA compared with a study which used indirect haemagglutination (IHA) in the same sample frame.