Among the diseases that manifest in the cultivation of oats (Avena sativa), leaf rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, has been shown to be the most destructive, being responsible for the decrease in quality and grain yield. Nutritional balance can contribute to plant resistance to disease. In order to evaluate the effect of different doses of calcium and sulfur on leaf rust severity and on the productivity of the IPR Afrodite white oat cultivar, an experiment was installed in the municipality of Ponta Grossa-PR. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with 5 treatments and 4 repetitions. The treatments consisted of different doses of SE-SUPER fertilizer (CaO 31% + S 13.50%) applied at sowing: T1 (control, 0Kg.há -1 ), T2 (50Kg.há -1 ), T3 (100kg.ha -1 ), T4 (150kg.ha -1 ) and T5 (200kg.ha -1 ). The assessments of leaf rust incidence and severity are carried out weekly from the first symptoms, by quantifying the proportion of the affected host tissue. From the first assessment, weekly assessments were carried out, making it possible to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPG). For the determination of productivity, the yield in kg of grains / ha was calculated, based on the harvested experimental area. There was a difference between treatments for the severity of rust in the six evaluations performed. All doses were equivalent in reducing the AUDPG of the disease, but the treatments with 150 and 200 kg.ha -1 of SE SUPER, presented the highest percentages of reduction, 47.21 and 48.00%, respectively. There was no difference in the productivity obtained. Other management strategies must be associated with fertilization with calcium and sulfur to control rust. Other management strategies should be associated with fertilization with calcium and sulfur, contributing to the rational use of pesticides and reducing pollution.The characteristics linked to the yield most affected by the occurrence of the disease are the average weight of Nádia Macoski et al.
In soybean production in Brazil, the ends often justify the means. The high marketing prices of grains have motivated producers to adopt new techniques for cultivation of the legume in an empirical way or without adequate scientific support. Thus, we hypothesized that soybean cross-sowing in equal populations or twice (as used in conventional sowing in parallel rows) may increase soybean yield and decrease weed infestation in crops. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the spatial arrangements of plants associated with the presence or absence of chemical treatment for weed control in the soybean crop. A randomized block design was used with five treatments (four replicates per treatment): 1) uncrossed with the recommended plant population; 2) crossed with the recommended plant population; 3) crossed with double the plant population; 4) crossed with the same plant population and without herbicide; and 5) crossed with double the plant population and without herbicide. Soybeans cross-sowed with the recommended plant population had the same growth as uncrossed soybeans in terms of height and dry matter of shoot and roots, but had a higher leaf area index. Moreover, root nodulation increased in number with soybeans cross-sowed with the recommended plant population and in mass for soybeans cross-sowed with double the plant population, without differences in indirect measures of chlorophyll. Thus, our findings suggested that crosssowing with the recommended plant population or double the recommended plant population did not aid in weed control and did not increase the yield of soybean grains. Highlighted Conclusion Soybean cross-sowing with the recommended or double the recommended plant population does not aid in weed control or increase soybean grain yields.
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