La posesión en dos lenguas indígenas del GranChaco: toba (guaycurú) y maká (mataguayo) 1 ABSTRACTThis paper describes and compares the devices used to code possession in two indigenous languages of the Gran Chaco: Toba (Guaykuruan family) and Maká (Mataguayan family). Despite the diversity of documented strategies, both languages have similar resources for coding possession. This could be ascribed to areal criteria. Also, the total or partial symmetry between possession markers and the pronominal systems of verbs is a feature shared by both languages and defines the different roles played by the Possessor in possessive constructions.In the first part, we compare the constructions of attributive possession documented in Toba and in Maká: (a) with possessive prefixes directly attached to nouns, (b) by means of markers of indirect possession, and (c) through classifiers. This section focuses on correlations between possessor markers and the pronominal systems of verbs, as well as on the semantic role occupied by the possessor in this type of construction. The second part addresses predicative possessive constructions. By applying the notion of event-schema (Heine, 1997) for the expression of possession, we will show how certain formally different constructions present similar schemas in both languages.
La armonía vocálica en lenguas chaqueñas de las familias Guaycurú y Mataguaya ABSTRACTThe paper deals with the harmony processes of vowels in aboriginal languages spoken in the region of the Chaco, located in the countries of Argentina and Paraguay. Specifically, the languages involved in this study are maká and chorote of the Mataguayan family, and mocoví, pilagá and toba members of the Guaycuruan family. There are identified and then described different types of harmony processes in each of these languages. Furthermore, it is presented a brief interpretation of these processes within the theory of autosegmental phonology. The results of the analysis will be relevant for all of those interested in diachronic and comparative studies of these languages, as well as for the current theories in phonology. KEYWORDS: Languages of Argentinean and Paraguayan Chaco; Vowel Harmony; Autosegmental Phonology; Guaycuruan and Mataguayan Families. RESUMENSe analiza el proceso fonológico de armonía vocálica en lenguas aborígenes chaqueñas de las familias Mataguaya (lenguas maká y chorote 1 y 2) y Guaycurú (lenguas mocoví, pilagá y toba), habladas en el Chaco argentino y paraguayo. Son identificados y descritos los diferentes tipos de armonía vocálica presentes en cada una de estas lenguas, entendiendo por "armonía vocálica" el proceso fonológico por el cual las vocales, en un dominio específico (típicamente la palabra), armonizan en un rasgo dado. Asimismo, reexpone una interpretación preliminar de dicho proceso dentro del marco de las teorías fonológicas contemporáneas, específicamente de la corriente Autosegmental. El análisis que se presenta aportará, seguramente, información sistematizada sobre este fenómeno, tanto para estudios de tipo diacrónico que buscan establecer relaciones genéticas entre lenguas, como para la perspectiva tipológica y los modelos fonológicos actuales.
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