To test the hypothesis that increases in muscle strength and flexibility are developed by specific training programs, 43 healthy young adults were tested before and after 4 different interventions conducted twice a week for 12 weeks: (a) resistance training only (n = 13); (b) flexibility training only (n = 11); (c) resistance and flexibility training (n = 9); and (d) no intervention (n = 10). There was no change in either strength or flexibility in the control group (p > 0.05). Resistance training improved muscle strength either alone (+14%; effect size = 0.53; p < 0.001) or in combination with flexibility training (+16%; effect size = 0.66; p = 0.032), but did not change flexibility (p = 0.610). Flexibility increased with specific training alone (+33%; p < 0.001) or in combination with resistance training (+18%; p < 0.001). In conclusion, in young, healthy subjects, resistance training alone did not increase flexibility, but resistance training did not interfere with the increase in joint range of motion during flexibility training. These results support the concept that specific training should be employed in order to increase either muscle strength or flexibility.
Padrões adequados de força muscular e flexibilidade permitem movimentação eficiente, melhorando a performance desportiva e conferindo qualidade de vida. Entretanto, não se conhece a potencial interferência mútua entre força e mobilidade articular. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre força muscular e flexibilidade global e segmentar em adultos jovens. Cinqüenta (30h; 20m; idade 22 ± 4 anos) indivíduos sadios foram submetidos a avaliação cineantropométrica (peso corporal, altura, circunferências, dobras cutâneas), de mobilidade articular máxima passiva (método Flexiteste, que compara a amplitude atingida com mapas de referência) e de força muscular esquelética máxima [método de uma repetição máxima (1RM) de handgrip, legpress e supino horizontal]. Os resultados de força muscular foram corrigidos pela circunferência muscular correspondente, calculada como circunferência do membro subtraída da dobra cutânea vezes valor de π. A flexibilidade global (flexíndice = somatório dos resultados dos 20 movimentos articulares) foi maior nas mulheres [(mediana e amplitude) = 52 (3869)] em relação aos homens [46 (37-57); p = 0,004] à custa de maior flexibilidade segmentar (somatório dos resultados de movimentos relacionados) de quadril (p = 0,004), coluna (p = 0,006) e membros inferiores (p = 0,011), enquanto a força muscular global e por movimentos foi superior nos ho-mens (p = 0,001). Não existiu correlação entre flexibilidade e força muscular para mulheres ou homens, seja do ponto de vista global (mulheres: r = 0,149; p = 0,531; homens: r = 0,092; p = 0,628) ou segmentar (p > 0,05). Concluímos que, considerando a faixa etária estudada, as mulheres têm maior flexibilidade, principalmente nos movimentos de coluna, quadril e membros inferiores, enquanto os homens apresentam maior força muscular global e segmentar, mesmo corrigindo-se a diferença de massa muscular. Os resultados sugerem que não existe relação entre força muscular e flexibilidade em adultos jovens sadios.
Our aim was to evaluate the effect of the 894G>T polymorphism on the hemodynamic responses to mental stress performed before and after exercise. Subjects without (wild type, WT; n=16) or with (polymorphic type, PT; n=19) the polymorphism underwent a mental stress challenge before and after a bout of maximal dynamic exercise on a treadmill. Blood pressure and forearm blood flow were measured during mental stress. Before exercise, systolic blood pressure (SBP) response during mental stress was higher in the PT group (ΔWT: 8.0±2.0% vs. ΔPT: 12.5±1.8%, P=0.01), while the increase in forearm vascular conductance (FVC) was similar between the groups (ΔWT 90.8±26.4% vs. ΔPT: 86.3±24.1%, P=0.44). After exercise, the SBP at baseline and during mental stress was lower than before exercise in the whole group (P<0.05), but the pressure response during mental stress was still higher in the PT group (ΔWT: 5.8±1.5% vs. ΔPT: 10.2±1.4%, P=0.01). The increase in FVC was inhibited only in the PT group (Δbefore exercise 86.3±24.1% vs. Δafter exercise: 41.5±12.6%, P=0.04). In conclusion, subjects with the 894G>T polymorphism presented higher blood pressure response to mental stress, both before and after exercise along with blunted FVC increase after exercise. These results suggest that the 894G>T polymorphism is associated with altered hemodynamic responses to mental stress with potential clinical implications. Support: CNPq, FAPERJ, FINEP.
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