Despite mortality from heart disease has been decreasing, the decline in death in women remains lower than in men. Hypertension (HT) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, approaches to prevent or delay the onset of HT would be valuable in women. Given this background, we investigated the effect of diet and exercise training on blood pressure (BP) and autonomic modulation in women with prehypertension (PHT). Ten women with PHT (39 ± 6 years, mean ± standard deviation) and ten with normotension (NT) (35 ± 11 years) underwent diet and exercise training for 12 weeks. Autonomic modulation was assessed through heart rate (HR) and systolic BP (SBP) variability, using time and frequency domain analyses. At preintervention, women with PHT had higher SBP (PHT: 128 ± 7 vs. NT: 111 ± 6 mmHg, p < 0.05) and lower HR variability [standard deviation of normal-to-normal beats (SDNN), PHT: 41 ± 18 vs. NT: 60 ± 19 ms, p < 0.05]. At post-intervention, peak oxygen consumption and muscular strength increased (p < 0.05), while body mass index decreased in both groups (p < 0.05). However, SBP decreased (118 ± 8 mmHg, p < 0.05 vs. preintervention) and total HR variability tended to increase (total power: 1,397 ± 570 vs. 2,137 ± 1,110 ms(2), p = 0.08) only in the group with PHT; consequently, HR variability became similar between groups at post-intervention (p > 0.05). Moreover, reduction in SBP was associated with augmentation in SDNN (r = -0.46, p < 0.05) and reduction in low-frequency power [LF (n.u.); r = 0.46, p < 0.05]. In conclusion, diet and exercise training reduced SBP in women with PHT, and this was associated with augmentation in parasympathetic and probably reduction in sympathetic cardiac modulation.
The standardized mortality rates for colon and rectum neoplasias presented important regional differences among Brazilian State capitals. The highest rates were observed in the South and Southeastern regions. A trend of increment of the standardized mortality rates for cancers of the colon and the rectum was observed in all Brazilian regions in the period 1980-1997.
The polymorphic allele at position -786 and the haplotype containing polymorphic alleles at positions -786 and 894 in the endothelial nitric oxide gene were associated with decreased parasympathetic modulation after exercise training.
As taxas de mortalidade por câncer de cólon e reto mostram uma variação regional no Brasil e a heterogeneidade do padrão alimentar nas suas regiões geográficas poderia possivelmente explicar, pelo menos em parte, essas diferenças. Um estudo ecológico foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar possíveis associações entre padrões de consumo alimentar e taxas de mortalidade padronizadas por idade em capitais brasileiras selecionadas. O padrão de consumo alimentar em cada capital foi caracterizado com base no consumo de grupos de alimentos associados a essa neoplasia na literatura. Os dados de consumo de alimentos foram obtidos no ENDEF (Estudo Nacional de Despesas Familiares). A regressão linear múltipla foi utilizada para analisar as correlações entre as taxas de mortalidade e as variáveis alimentares. Essas taxas mostraram uma correlação positiva com o consumo de calorias, cereais, carnes, ovos/leite e legumes/frutas. Quando ajustado por consumo calórico total, carne e legumes/frutas foram as únicas variáveis que mantiveram uma correlação positiva. O modelo multivariado final com essas variáveis foi capaz de explicar 92% da variação das taxas de mortalidade nas capitais selecionadas. Esses resultados sugerem que diferenças no consumo calórico total e no consumo de carne e legumes/frutas poderiam explicar, parcialmente, os diferentes padrões de distribuição da mortalidade por câncer de cólon e reto no Brasil.
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