Health literacy, a more complex concept than knowledge, is a required capacity to obtain, understand, integrate and act on health information [1], in order to enhance individual and community health, which is defined by different levels, according to the autonomy and personal capacitation in decision making [2]. Medium levels of Health literacy in an adolescent population were found in a study conducted in 2013/2014, being higher in sexual and reproductive health and lower in substance use. It was also noticed that the higher levels of health literacy were in the area adolescents refer to have receipt more health information. The health literacy competence with higher scores was communication skills, and the lower scores were in the capacity to analyze factors that influence health. Higher levels were also found in younger teenagers, but in a higher school level, confirming the importance of health education in these age and development stage. Adolescents seek more information in health professionals and parents, being friends more valued as a source information in older adolescents, which enhance the importance of peer education mainly in older adolescents [3]. As a set of competences based on knowledge, health literacy should be developed through education interventions, encompassing the cultural and social context of individuals, since the society, culture and education system where the individual is inserted can define the way the development and enforcement of the health literacy competences [4]. The valued sources of information should be taken into account, as well as needs of information in some topics referred by adolescents in an efficient health education. Schizophrenia is a serious and chronic mental illness which has a profound effect on the health and well-being related with the well-known nature of psychotic symptoms. The exercise has the potential to improve the life of people with schizophrenia improving physical health and alleviating psychiatric symptoms. However, most people with schizophrenia remains sedentary and lack of access to exercise programs are barriers to achieve health benefits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of exercise on I) the type of intervention in mental health, II) in salivary levels of alpha-amylase and cortisol and serum levels of S100B and BDNF, and on III) the quality of life and selfperception of the physical domain of people with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 31 females in long-term institutions in the Casa de Saúde Rainha Santa Isabel, with age between 25 and 63, and with diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Physical fitness was assessed by the six-minute walk distance test (6MWD). Biological variables were determined by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Psychological variables were assessed using SF-36, PSPP-SCV, RSES and SWLS tests. Walking exercise has a positive impact on physical fitness (6MWD -p = 0.001) and physical components of the psychological test...

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In this study we aimed to find out how macrofungi richness and sporocarp production varies in relation to both canopy cover and proximity of crown projection area, in order to discuss strategies and point out management actions that ensure macrofungal communities sustainability in montado ecosystems. The sporocarp survey was conducted once every two weeks, from October to February, between 2007 and 2009 in two representative sites of the most common (cork and holm oak) open montado ecosystems in southern Portugal. Results showed that canopy cover strongly shaped macrofungal communities composition and yield. Denser canopy cover enhanced mycorrhizal richness and reduced saprotrophic yield. Furthermore, mycorrhizal richness and yield increased with tree proximity. Finally some forest management strategies are suggested in order to enhance macrofungal richness and productivity, in montado ecosystems.

The electrocrystallization from dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran solutions of the dissymmetrical bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (ET) derivative cyanobenzene−ethylenedithio−tetrathiafulvalene (CNB-EDT-TTF) in the presence of perchlorate anion ClO 4− affords two different polymorphs of salts with 4:1 stoichiometry, a previously described triclinic phase β″ T -(CNB-EDT-TTF) 4 ClO 4 (1a), and a new monoclinic phase β″ M -(CNB-EDT-TTF) 4 ClO 4 , (1b), as well as a compound with 1:1 stoichiometry, (CNB-EDT-TTF)ClO 4 (2), depending on the solvent and crystallization conditions. The special conditions necessary for the growth of the unusual 4:1 salts, requiring low current densities to oxidize the donors and subsequent slow diffusion controlled association processes, are discussed. Both 4:1 polymorphs present a bilayer structure of the donors induced by head-to-head C−N•••H pairing interactions associated with a combination of R 2 2 (10) and R 2 4 (10) synthons between donors in nearby layers. These polymorphs share the same β″-type donor packing pattern in the layers, but the anions which are disordered over two possible orientations in the triclinic phase appear ordered in the monoclinic one, with a doubling of the interlayer cell axis, due to an alternation of the orientation of the molecules in the bilayers. The 1:1 salt 2 presents a crystal structure with dimerized donors stacks. The donor molecules in nearby stacks are connected by a helical network of C−N•••H pairing interactions. A new polymorph of the neutral donor β-CNB-EDT-TTF (3) is also described.

Two new members of the family of bilayer compounds (CNB-EDT-TTF)4X, (CNB-EDT-TTF = 5-cyanobenzene-ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene) with anions X = ReO4− and SbF6− are reported, their electron transport and optical properties investigated, and then compared to the ClO4− salt that was previously described. These compounds share the same structural type, i.e. bilayers of donors, which are packed in a β″-type pattern and then separated by layers of highly disordered anions. The absolute values of the electrical resistivity measured in single crystals within the layers were found in the range of 5 to 18 (Ωcm)−1, with a significantly sample dependence being ascribed to intrinsic disorder effects. The ClO4− and SbF6− salts exhibit metallic behavior with the resistivity decreasing upon cooling almost linearly with temperature until a broad minimum is reached between 15 and 80 K, depending on crystal quality; this is followed by an upturn of resistivity reaching values at T = 1.5 K that were comparable to those attained at room temperature. The electrical resistivity of the ReO4− salt follows a thermally activated behavior already at T = 300 K, although with a small activation energy in the range 16−18 meV. Thermoelectric power measurements yield large positive values (75–80 µV/K) at ambient temperature with a metallic behavior that is identical for all compounds. Temperature and polarization dependent infrared reflection measurements on single crystals of (CNB-EDT-TTF)4X salts, with X = ClO4−, ReO4−, and SbF6−, have been performed to obtain the optical conductivity and analyze the electronic and vibrational properties. For (CNB-EDT-TTF)4ClO4 the molecular vibrations exhibit a significant variation below T = 23 K, which suggests a charge localization phenomena.