Chemical imaging by mass spectrometry (MS) has been largely used to study diseases in animals and humans, especially cancer; however, this technology has been minimally explored to study the complex chemical changes associated with fetal development. In this work, we report the histologically-compatible chemical imaging of small molecules by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) - MS of a complete swine fetus at 50 days of gestation. Tissue morphology was unperturbed by morphologically-friendly DESI-MS analysis while allowing detection of a wide range of small molecules. We observed organ-dependent localization of lipids, e.g . a large diversity of phosphatidylserine lipids in brain compared to other organs, as well as metabolites such as N-acetyl-aspartic acid in the developing nervous system and N-acetyl-L-glutamine in the heart. Some lipids abundant in the lungs, such as PC(32:0) and PS(40:6), were  similar to surfactant composition reported previously. Sulfatides were highly concentrated in the fetus liver, while hexoses were barely detected at this organ but were abundant in lung and heart. The chemical information on small molecules recorded via DESI-MS imaging coupled with traditional anatomical evaluation is a powerful source of bioanalytical information which reveals the chemical changes associated with embryonic and fetal development that, when disturbed, causes congenital diseases such as spina bifida and cleft palate.

Nowadays, a large amount and variety of plastic is being produced and consumed by human beings on an enormous scale. Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPLs) have become ubiquitous since they can be found in many ecosystem components. Plastic particles can be found in soil, water, and air. The routes of human exposure are numerous, mainly involving ingestion and inhalation. Once ingested, these particles interact with the gastrointestinal tract and digestive fluids. They can adsorb substances such as additives, heavy metals, proteins, or even microorganisms on their surface, which can cause toxicity. During inhalation, they can be inhaled according to their respective sizes. Studies have reported that exposure to MNPLs can cause damage to the respiratory tract, creating problems such as bronchitis, asthma, fibrosis, and pneumothorax. The reports of boards and committees indicate that there is little data published and available on the toxicity of MNPLs as well as the exposure levels in humans. Despite the well-established concept of MNPLs, their characteristics, and presence in the environment, little is known about their real effects on human health and the environment.

The esophagus is a muscular tube whose function is to transport food from the mouth to the stomach and basically contain the same layers as the rest of the digestive tract. The morphological knowledge of structures involved in basic physiological processes in organisms is extremely important in the acquisition of ecological and evolutionary knowledge about species. This study produces morphological information proving the structures found in the green turtle's esophagus. The animals were dissected according to the methodology used by Wyneken, allowing analysis of external and internal morphological characteristics of the esophagus. The samples were processed for microscopic analysis by light and scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that the esophagus presents thin and conical dermal papillae facing the stomach throughout the mucosa to the gastroesophageal portion, decreasing its size at the end of its extension, covered by a thick keratin layer on keratinized pavement epithelial tissue. It is concluded that the esophagus of Chelonia mydas is covered by a layer of conical keratinized dermal papillae important to exert the mechanical and protective function of the mucosa of this organ, considering that the feeding of these animals is extremely abrasive, besides serving as protection so that the food does not return.

In chelonians, the gastrointestinal tract is anatomically diverse among the large variety of reptiles, and this fact requires further studies to understand their particularities. For that, four green turtles were used to find beached dead, for macroscopic and microscopic analysis using light and scanning microscopy in search of the description of their morphology. The tongue presented as a non-protuberant organ, with a rigid and highly keratinized aspect. Concluding that the morphological structure of the turtle's tongue is adapted according to its abrasive feeding during capture and swallowing of the food.

RESUMO.A doença de Lyme é uma zoonose pouco relatada no Brasil e o cão comportase como reservatório no ambiente domiciliar, o que favorece a transmissão do patógeno para o homem e outros animais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar a presença de anticorpos anti-Borrelia burgdorferi em um cão atendido em uma clínica de São Luís -MA. A doença de Lyme ou borreliose de Lyme é uma enfermidade infecciosa de distribuição mundial, determinada por espiroquetas do gênero Borrelia, que acomete diferentes espécies de animais domésticos, silvestres e também o homem. Foi atendido em uma clínica particular, um cão da raça Rottweiler, macho, 1 ano de idade com a queixa de apatia, secreção ocular bilateral e presença de ectoparasitas. Ao exame físico foi observado que o animal estava magro, mucosas conjuntival e oral hipocoradas, linfonodos submandibular, pré-escapulares e poplíteos normais à palpação e sem alterações à auscultação pulmonar e cardíaca. O presente caso permitiu concluir que as alterações clínicas e hematológicas podem ser inespecíficas, no entanto em regiões onde a incidência de carrapatos é de grande relevância e por ser uma zoonose, torna-se importante a investigação de borreliose em animais que apresentem histórico de carrapato. O diagnóstico preciso de borreliose canina deve ser feito a fim de instituir a terapêutica adequada para o caso. É de suma importância o controle dos vetores, pois são eles os responsáveis pela transmissão da borreliose. Sendo assim, é necessário que haja orientação do Médico Veterinário para os proprietários de animais infectados minimizando os riscos à saúde humana e animal. Palavras chave: Borreliose, carrapatos, zoonoseLyme disease in Rottweiler dog: Case report ABSTRACT. Lyme disease is a zoonosis that is rarely reported in Brazil and the dog behaves as a reservoir in the home environment, which favors the transmission of the pathogen to humans and other animals. Thus, the objective of this study was to report the presence of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in a dog attended at a clinic in São Luís -MA. Lyme disease or Lyme borreliosis is an infectious disease of worldwide distribution, determined by spirochetes of the genus Borrelia, which affects different species of domestic animals, wild and also man. It was attended in a private clinic, a dog of the breed Rottweiler, male, 01 year old with the complaint of apathy, bilateral ocular secretion and

Aims: We propose to briefly review the specific role of lipids in embryonic structures development. Results: Lipids are organic substances insoluble in water, divided into several classes, such as fatty acids, glycolipids, phospholipids, ceramides, sphingolipids, and stereo-lipids. They participate in processes of cellular metabolism and embryonic development which are associated with signalling, proliferation and cell migration. They act in developmental processes such as calcification and bone mineralization, pulmonary maturity, cellular differentiation, and neural survival, epithelial cells polarization and muscle formation, in which phospholipids as a major group, work more regularly. Lipids during embryonic development work directly as transport molecules or cell markers. In addition to an imbalance in its enzymatic and protein precursors (such as choline kinase), lipids can increase or decrease lipid concentration in cells, prevent its biotransformation, or affect its synergy with other molecules, leading to failures in the formation of organs such as the heart, brain, and bones. This aims to further the understanding of these processes and highlight its feasibility for future clinical applications. Conclusion: Lipids maintain cell membrane integrity in blastocysts, transport calcium to nerve and bone cells, facilitate neural apoptosis, and promote pulmonary maturation. These results aid in the understanding and prediction of alterations in lipidic metabolic syndromes in several pathological disorders during organ development.

The liver is the largest gland in the body and plays a central role in metabolic and immune homeostasis. This body is responsible for more than 200 functions such as detoxification, storage, energy production, nutrient conversion, hormonal balance and coagulation. A study of the morphology of the liver of the blue shark ( Prionace glauca) during the development phase was carried out. To describe it was used light microscopy, scanning electron and counting of liver cells in this species. The liver occupies 20% of the size of the animal. Fat is gradually accumulated in the liver tissue with the development of the animal, reaching almost 60% of the liver in animals ready to be born.

Epidemiological and toxicological studies have shown that inhalation of particulate matter (PM) is associated with development of cardiovascular diseases. Long-term exposure to PM may increase the risk of cardiovascular events and reduce life expectancy. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease with autoimmune nature, characterized by the production of autoantibodies that affects several organs, including the heart. Caused by several factors, air pollution, may appear as one of the most important points on the onset and development of SLE. This study aims to investigate whether exposure to air pollution promotes increased inflammation and cardiac remodeling in animals predisposed to SLE. Female mice of NZBWF1, were used in an environmental particle concentrator. Aspects related to cardiac remodeling, inflammation and apoptosis in myocardium were analyzed. Body weight gain, cardiac trophism by heart/body weight ratio, relative area of cardiomyocytes and fibrotic area of cardiac tissue were evaluated during exposure period. Animals exposed to PM2.5 showed increased area of cardiomyocytes, and area of fibrosis, in addition, we observed an increase of IL-1 and C3 in cardiac tissue, demonstrating increased inflammation. We suggest that air pollution is capable of promoting cardiac remodeling and increased inflammation in animals predisposed to SLE.