RESUMO: O peixe é uma importante fonte proteica na Amazônia e tem consumo influenciado por fatores culturais, sociais e econômicos. O estudo apresenta os fatores que influenciam a compra de peixes em três mercados da cidade de Santarém-PA, realizado de novembro de 2013 a outubro de 2014, mediante o emprego de entrevistas junto aos consumidores. Os dados coletados foram divididos por Classes Sociais e analisados com ferramentas da estatística descritiva. Foram realizadas 923 entrevistas, permitindo estimar que 92,4% da população local e 90,2% dos consumidores se enquadram nas Classes Sociais "D" e "E" e 89,6% reside na Zona Urbana. Ocorre uma escolha pelo local de compra de acordo com a Classe Social e origem do consumidor. Os principais fatores motivadores da compra foram: espécie, oportunidade, preço e saúde e entre os fatores avaliados na compra: espécie, higiene, preço, qualidade e tamanho. A importância dos fatores é diferenciada entre classes sociais. O preço aparece na terceira posição e foi o único fator que ganhou importância na direção das Classes Sociais de menor poder aquisitivo. Os resultados alertam para a necessidade de garantir o abastecimento de peixes de baixo valor comercial e de políticas públicas voltadas ao uso sustentável dos recursos pesqueiros. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Classe social, Consumo, Motivador, Peixe. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PURCHASE OF FISH BY SOCIAL CLASS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SANTARÉM-PAABSTRACT: Fish is an important source of protein in the Amazon and has consumption influenced by cultural, social and economic factors. The study presents the factors that influence the purchase of fish in three markets in the city of Santarém-PA, carried out from November 2013 to October 2014, through interviews with consumers. The collected data were divided by Social Classes and analyzed with descriptive statistics tools. A total of 923 interviews were conducted, making it possible to estimate that 92.4% of the local population and 90.2% of consumers fall into the "D" and "E" Social Classes and 89.6% reside in the Urban Zone. There is a choice of the place of purchase according to the Social Class and consumer origin. The main factors motivating the purchase were: species, opportunity, price and health and among the factors evaluated in the purchase: species, hygiene, price, quality and size. The importance of the factors is differentiated between social classes. The price appears in the third position and was the only factor that gained importance in the direction
x.1 Introduction Conservation of cultural heritage buildings is a demand from society, which recognizes this heritage as a part of their identity, but it is also an economical issue. In Europe, tourism accounts for 10% of the GDP and 12% of the employment, if linked sectors are considered [x.1]. The EU is the world's number one tourist destination, with 40 % of arrivals in the world and with 7 European countries among the top ten [x.2]. According to the WTO estimates, international tourist arrivals in Europe will increase significantly. The built European heritage, namely monuments or historical centres, is a main attractor for tourism, with 45% of the UNESCO World Heritage sites within the EU. Therefore, the need for their conservation is unquestionable. Cultural heritage buildings are particularly vulnerable to disasters because they are deteriorated and damaged, they were built with materials with low resistance, they are heavy and the connections between the various structural components are often insufficient. The main causes for damage are the lack of maintenance and water-induced deterioration (from rain or rising damp), soil settlements and extreme events such as earthquakes, but there are many other causes of damage, namely: high stresses due to gravity loading, alterations in layout or construction, cyclic environmental actions, climate change, physical attack from wind and water, chemical and biological attack, vegetation growth, fire, floods, vibration and micro-tremors, and anthropogenic actions. Still, extreme events often lead to disasters, in light of the high vulnerability. A disaster is an event caused by nature or man that causes great physical damage, destruction or loss of life, or a drastic change in the natural environment. Danger is the level of threat to life, property or environment, but it is important to understand that danger is not correlated to damage, and that disasters are the result of poor risk management. Risk management involves, first, the perception and communication of risk to society. It is then essential to have proper tools for assessment and diagnosis, but also to define a set of possible solutions, and their costs, to implement a risk mitigation strategy. Over the past 30 years, economic losses due to disasters have increased tenfold, while earthquakes caused 80,000 deaths / year in the last decade (Figure 1). Studies indicate that investment in mitigation provides society an average of four times the amount invested [x.3]. In addition to savings to society, the US Federal Treasury can redirect an average of 3.65 times the money spent on mitigation resulting from disaster relief costs and tax losses avoided. This result was published in December 2005 in a report prepared by the Multi-hazard Mitigation Council of the National Institute of Building Sciences, called "Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves" [x.4]. The report was the culmination of a 3-year, Congressionally-mandated independent study. Another interesting example is given by the World Bank [x.5] and United Nations ...
O 2º Livro de Memórias: E se essa rua fosse nossa? é referente aos Anais do II Encontro Online de Saúde, Educação e Direitos Humanos, produzido pelos alunos do curso de Psicologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense do Campus Aterrado – Volta Redonda (RJ). A segunda edição do encontro convida à comunidade acadêmica ao debate sobre como seria se a rua fosse nossa. De pés no chão e olhos fixos para o horizonte, convocamos a todos a pensar a rua como o ponto de encontro para as travessias e peregrinações que ainda temos que enfrentar. O convite para a rua é um convite de organização de nossas lutas, é uma tímida, mas importante faísca para organizar essa revolta que há muito temos guardado dentro de nós. Sendo assim, enquanto estudantes enxergamos este momento e espaço que foi construído através de muita luta como uma resposta ética e política da nossa geração para o presente momento. Por isso, para os Anais do II Encontro Online de Saúde, Educação e Direitos Humanos, construímos eixos direcionadores para tentar pensar em conjunto temas que não costumam ser discutidos nas disciplinas, mas que o corpo discente acredita ser importante diante da realidade de uma universidade que necessita expandir seu diálogo para além das teorias e práticas tradicionalmente abordadas.
RESUMOEducação escolar indígena consubstanciada em diálogo intercultural que respeite o jeito de ser e viver de cada povo, apesar de garantida nos marcos legais, ainda é uma realidade a ser construído por muitas maõs. Neste artigo, apresentamos resultado de pesquisa sobre a experiência pedagógica de professores não-indígenas na educação escolar do povo indígena Wai-Wai da aldeia Mapuera, município de Oriximiná/PA, com o objetivo de analisar as relações, diálogos e dificuldades enfrentadas por estes na efetivação da educação intercultural em aldeia indígena. A constituição dos dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com professores que atuam no ensino fundamental da Escola Indígena Mapuera. Os resultados mostram desafios, entraves, dificuldades e potencialidades em efetivar a educação intercultural, instrumento de luta dos povos indígenas pela preservação da cultura e tradições indígenas. Palavras-chave:Educação Escolar Indígena.Interculturalidade. Prática Pedagógica. EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF KARAIWA TEACHERS IN MAPUERA INDIGENOUS VILLAGE, ORIXIMINA-PA ABSTRACTIndigenous school education founded on intercultural dialogue that respect the way of being and living of each people, although guaranteed in law, is still a reality to be
In ectotherms, defensive responses to predators usually depend on cost-benefit relationships between death risk and the energy required to flee. In this study we investigate Amazonian lizards to test the hypothesis that the minimum predator approach distance (PAD) is influenced by temperature and camouflage. We test the hypothesis that PAD estimated for species with different thermoregulation modes respond differently to temperature and camouflage. We sampled 35 lizards of a heliotherm and a non-heliotherm species, for which we simulated a terrestrial visually oriented predator. Using a fixed-effects linear model, temperature positively affected PAD estimates, but the camouflage did not contribute to the model. Using a mixed linear model assuming thermoregulation mode as a random factor, camouflage negatively affected PAD estimates, independently of temperature. Our findings suggest that high exposure to predators in open habitats may be compensated by rapid fleeing optimized by high temperatures, and low fleeing performance, usually caused by relatively low temperatures in shaded habitats, may be compensated by camouflage. However, identifying the best PAD predictor greatly depended on accounting for thermoregulation mode in hypothesis testing, although the results obtained by both fixed and mixed-effects models may be relevant for conservation.
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