; Patrícia Beltrão Lessa Constant 3 ResumoA alergia alimentar pode ser definida como uma reação adversa a um antígeno alimentar mediada por mecanismos fundamentalmente imunológicos. É um problema nutricional que apresentou um crescimento nas ultimas décadas, provavelmente devido à maior exposição da população a um número maior de alérgenos alimentares disponíveis. Ele vem se tornando um problema de saúde em todo o mundo e está associado a um impacto negativo significativo na qualidade de vida. Os alimentos mais citados como causadores de alergias alimentares são: leite, ovos, amendoim, castanhas, camarão, peixe e soja, e os principais alérgenos alimentares identificados são de natureza protéica. É importante que haja investimento em pesquisas no sentido de reduzir os danos causados por alimentos que contém alérgenos. Estudos com a biotecnologia podem apresentar-se como uma alternativa eficiente e segura. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão atualizada das alergias alimentares, com foco principal no seu mecanismo de atuação no organismo.Também se discutem os principais alimentos envolvidos e as alternativas que vem sendo apresentadas para minimizar este problema. Palavras-chave: Alergia. Alimentos. Reações adversas. Sistema imune. AbstractFood allergy can be defined as an adverse reaction to a food antigen mediated by fundamentally immunological mechanisms. It is a nutritional problem that has shown an increase in the last decades probably due to the population's exposure to a higher number of available food allergens. It has become a health problem worldwide being associated to a significant negative impact on life quality. The foods most cited as those which cause food allergy are: milk, eggs, peanuts, nuts, shrimps, fish and soy bean. The main food allergens are protein-nature ones. There must be investment in research in order to reduce the damage caused by foods containing allergens. Biotechnology studies can be considered an efficient and safe alternative. The purpose of this research is to present an updated review on food allergies focusing on its action mechanism in the body, main food involved and alternatives that have been used to minimize this problem.

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Recently, studies have shown that the yacon possess different biological effects, among immunomodulation (Delgado et al., 2012), antimicrobial (Djansivu et al., 2011) and antioxidant (Sousa et al., 2015b; Campos et al., 2012). On addition, studies have reported that the ingestion of yacon reduces glycemia and increases the concentration of insulin in the plasma (Park et al., 2009; Aybar et al., 2001; Satoh et al., 2013) and reduces the glycemia of diabetic rats (Dionisio et al., 2015). Moreover, in clinical assays, the yacon have also to be associated with subjective improvements in satiety and reductions in post prandial glucose and insulin concentrations (Adriano et al., 2019; Silva et al., 2017; Kellow et al., 2014-see also the references listed). The American Diabetes Association (2010, p. S62) defines diabetes mellitus as "[...] a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both". High blood glucose concentrations promote auto-oxidation of glucose to form free radicals. The generation of free radicals beyond the scavenging abilities of endogenous antioxidant defenses results in macro-and microvascular dysfunction and polyneuropathy (Bajaj & Khan, 2012). Cells have evolved highly complex enzymatic (e.g., catalase) and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems (e.g., ascorbic acid and polyphenols), which work synergistically, and in combination with each other, to protect the body against free radical-induced damage. There are several lines of evidence to suggest that antioxidant defenses may be lower in diabetes (Karunakaran & Park, 2013). On this sense, antioxidants are effective in reducing diabetic complications and may be beneficial either by ingestion of natural antioxidants (Bajaj & Khan, 2012). Several tropical fruits have been reported in literature by their functional activities. Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia McVaugh) is native to the Amazon region, and is considered the richest natural source of vitamin C in Brazil (Cunha-Santos et al., 2019; Chirinos et al., 2010), followed by acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C.), a fruit recognized by their antioxidant properties due the phenolic and vitamin C composition (Belwal et al., 2018; Rosso & Mercadante, 2007). Cashew-apple (Anacardium occidentale L.

‘Pitaya’ (Hylocereus undatus) is a fruit-bearing, climbing cactus with great food potential for the semiarid region. This study aimed to evaluate the production of ‘pitaya’ seedlings irrigated with low and high salinity water and grown in different light intensities. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with two electrical conductivities of irrigation water: S1 - 0.3 dS m-1 (low salinity) and S2 - 5.0 dS m-1 (moderate salinity) in two environments: A1 - black net with 50% shading, and A2 - full sun, with ten replicates. The variables evaluated were plant height, main cladode diameter, above-ground biomass, root biomass, total plant biomass, number of secondary cladodes, root length, and length of secondary cladodes. The 50% shading (black net) promoted higher plant height, number of secondary shoots, and root length of the ‘pitaya’ plants. The irrigation with moderate saline water (5.0 dS m-1) reduced the number of secondary cladodes, length of root, and length of secondary cladodes. The ‘pitaya’ seedlings grown under 50% shading (black net) showed greater root dry biomass when irrigated with low-salinity water. Greater values of diameter of the primary cladode, above-ground dry biomass, and total dry biomass were observed under full sunlight and elevated saline stress.

O amendoim é uma cultura agrícola amplamente conhecida no Brasil. O consumo in natura é o principal meio de aproveitamento da produção. Originário da América do Sul é uma das oleaginosas mais cultivadas em todo mundo, em razão da grande variabilidade nas formas de consumo, sabor e adaptabilidade de produção em áreas tropicais e subtropicais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho das características agronômicas de crescimento e produtividade de cinco acessos de amendoim sob adubação orgânica. O trabalho foi conduzido no câmpus das Auroras da Unilab, entre abril e julho de 2018. Foi utilizado um delineamento estatístico de blocos casualizados (DBC) com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. Foram analisadas as características agronômicas: Dias de Emergência (DE), Altura das Plântulas (AP), Números de Ramos, Número de Vagens por Planta (NVP), Número de grãos por Planta (NGP), Peso de massa fresca (PMF), Peso de Massa Seca (PMS) e Peso de 100 grãos (P100G). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância em delineamentos de blocos casualizados com três repetições. Os quadrados médios foram comparados pelo teste F e as médias pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Os acessos Unilab 130 e Unilab 138 destacaram-se em peso e produção de vagens sendo bons genótipos de porte rasteiro. Unilab 107 e 124 situaram-se como intermediários aos demais acessos em relação à produção e podem ser considerados para produção desde que atendidas suas exigências de cultivo. Unilab 130 apresenta-se como um bom genótipo a ser utilizado como genitor em programas de melhoramento.

Objective: Understanding unmet needs related to hemophilia A management in Brazil is critical for supporting decision-making. Methods: A modified Delphi consensus panel was conducted. Hematologists with extensive experience treating hemophilia in the Brazilian Public Health System were invited to answer questions regarding indicators of severe hemophilia prophylaxis effectiveness, emicizumab treatment indications, and bypassing agents used to reduce bleeding in patients with inhibitors, immune tolerance induction (ITI) use, and adherence. The consensus was defined as ≥75% of votes in Round 1 or using a 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neither agree nor disagree, 4 = agree, and 5 = strongly agree) in Round 2, which included questions not reaching minimum cut-off in the first step. Results: Nine expert panelists with extensive experience in the Brazilian Public Health System participated. The panel reached an agreement on recommendations about prophylaxis, bleeding treatment patterns, and bleeding sites. From patients’ perspectives, venous access and infusion frequency were the most significant barriers to improving patient treatment. According to most experts, emicizumab will not replace ITI or long-term factor VIII therapy. Still, emicizumab was thought to be a good therapeutic option for patients with difficult venous access, patients requiring central venous access, in the presence of inhibitors, or patients experiencing infusion-related pain. Conclusion: The information gleaned from this study may be helpful to both decision-makers and those in charge of developing healthcare economic models for the treatment of hemophilia A in Brazil.