Antioxidant and prebiotic effects of a beverage composed by tropical fruits and yacon in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Abstract

Recently, studies have shown that the yacon possess different biological effects, among immunomodulation (Delgado et al., 2012), antimicrobial (Djansivu et al., 2011) and antioxidant (Sousa et al., 2015b; Campos et al., 2012). On addition, studies have reported that the ingestion of yacon reduces glycemia and increases the concentration of insulin in the plasma (Park et al., 2009; Aybar et al., 2001; Satoh et al., 2013) and reduces the glycemia of diabetic rats (Dionisio et al., 2015). Moreover, in clinical assays, the yacon have also to be associated with subjective improvements in satiety and reductions in post prandial glucose and insulin concentrations (Adriano et al., 2019; Silva et al., 2017; Kellow et al., 2014-see also the references listed). The American Diabetes Association (2010, p. S62) defines diabetes mellitus as "[...] a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both". High blood glucose concentrations promote auto-oxidation of glucose to form free radicals. The generation of free radicals beyond the scavenging abilities of endogenous antioxidant defenses results in macro-and microvascular dysfunction and polyneuropathy (Bajaj & Khan, 2012). Cells have evolved highly complex enzymatic (e.g., catalase) and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems (e.g., ascorbic acid and polyphenols), which work synergistically, and in combination with each other, to protect the body against free radical-induced damage. There are several lines of evidence to suggest that antioxidant defenses may be lower in diabetes (Karunakaran & Park, 2013). On this sense, antioxidants are effective in reducing diabetic complications and may be beneficial either by ingestion of natural antioxidants (Bajaj & Khan, 2012). Several tropical fruits have been reported in literature by their functional activities. Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia McVaugh) is native to the Amazon region, and is considered the richest natural source of vitamin C in Brazil (Cunha-Santos et al., 2019; Chirinos et al., 2010), followed by acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C.), a fruit recognized by their antioxidant properties due the phenolic and vitamin C composition (Belwal et al., 2018; Rosso & Mercadante, 2007). Cashew-apple (Anacardium occidentale L.

Clinical value of thalidomide on kk-rat model through TNF-a mediated inflammation approach

“…The existing studies suggest that the pathological mechanism of diabetic nephropathy is related to abnormal glucose metabolism pathway, changes in kidney hemodynamics, cytokines, inflammatory responses and genetic susceptibility factors and etc, and more and more scholars agree on the inflammatory response theory (Zhang et al, 2018;Dionísio et al, 2020a, b;Grom et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2020). As a natural focal disease, diabetes is accompanied by an obvious inflammatory response, which plays a crucial role in microvascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy, which has been verified in previous laboratory studies (Lovshin et al, 2017).…”

Recent Advances on Emerging Carbohydrates‐Based Prebiotics and its Potential Food Sources: Marine Algae, Seaweeds, Tropical Fruits, and Agri‐Food Wastes

“…Lactobacilli in cecal material (in vivo-male Wistar rats) The results showed the promotion of the growth of lactobacilli in cecal material. [76] Jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg)…”

“…lactis BB-12. [75] Dionisio et al [76] studied the in vivo prebiotic activity (male Wistar rats) of various native fruits of Brazil, evaluating such properties in camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia McVaugh), cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), cajazeira (Spondias mombim L.) and in açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.). In their research, the results showed the promotion of the growth of lactobacilli in the cecal material and an increase in catalase activity in the liver in a dose-dependent manner, showing the prebiotic and antioxidant effects of eating these fruits.…”