Objective: To evaluate the correlation between perception of dyspnea during a mild to moderate asthma attack using the Modified Borg Scale (MBS) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR).Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with children and adolescents who sought a pediatric emergency service due to an asthma attack. Data were collected from July 2005 to June 2006. Demographic data were recorded. Patients and those in charge of them were requested to grade, individually, the patient's dyspnea using the MBS; afterwards, the PEFR was measured.Results: 181 asthmatic patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 7.2 (± 2.4) years (range, 4-12). The mother sought medical aid in 83.4% of the cases (151/181). Patient symptoms included coughing in 68.5% (124/181), dyspnea in 47.0% (85/181), and wheezing in 12.7% (23/181). Thirty-six percent (65/181) had a mild attack, and 64.1% (116/181) a moderate one. A significant negative correlation was found between the patients' and accompanying adults' perceptions of patient's dyspnea and the PEFR (% predicted; r s = -0.240 and r s = -0.385, respectively). Conclusion:Both the patients and those looking after them had a poor perception of the severity of the patient's dyspnea. This emphasizes the need to monitor objective measures such as the PEFR and to develop better ways of evaluating dyspnea.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(6):541-6: Perception, asthma and dyspnea. ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre a percepção da dispneia durante uma crise de asma leve a moderada, por meio da escala modificada de Borg, com a medida do pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE). Métodos IntroduçãoA percepção pode ser definida como sensação consciente de um problema fisiológico apreciada pelo paciente. É o resultado final de uma série de processos: ativação de terminações aferentes por estímulos fisiopatológicos, transmissão e processamento de informações pelas vias neuronais, interpretação no córtex cerebral e reconhecimento pelo paciente.

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Clinical and radiological diagnosis in TB cases were valuable and it is important to consider the disease as an adverse event in patients with rheumatic diseases, regardless of the drugs in use.

This prospective study describes the use of Gene-Xpert Ultra for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in children and adolescents, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Eighteen patients were studied; the final diagnosis of EPTB was established in 13 (72%). Gene-Xpert Ultra results showed detection in 10/13 (77%) of EPTB cases (7 of these 10 with trace-positive results). Gene-Xpert Ultra proved to be a promising method for the diagnosis of childhood EPTB.

The aim of the study was to survey the development of distinctive parameters of speech and non-speech vocal performance in the time course of premanifest Huntington's disease (HD). Methods We examined 13 speakers with premanifest HD which were tested and re-tested after 22 months using a speech task consisting of a) reading a German text (for the calculation of net speech rate/NSR and pause ratio/PR%) and b) several subtests for the monitoring of non-speech vocal performance to calculate the maximum syllable repetition capacity/maxSylRep and the precision of syllable in a self-chosen steady pace (the coefficient of variance/COV displayed the steadiness of repetition). Results Disease specific variables as overall motor impairment and the cognitive score became worse over time. Furthermore, in the speech tasks, there was a tendency to a reduction of NSR and maxSylRep and further decline of the steadiness of syllable repetition. The self-chosen pace of syllable repetition was significantly slower at follow-up (p < 0.0001). Moreover, there was a correlation between the reduction of the MRI based volume of the caudate nucleus and a worsening of syllable repetition over time.Conclusions Abnormalities of speech rate and rhythm are detectable even in the premanifest stages of HD and show a tendency to further deteriorate in the time course of disease progression. Further long-term follow-up studies are warranted to survey the evolution of these distinctive patterns with time which might be helpful for the monitoring of disease progression and could provide some further insight into the underlying pathophysiology of HD.

Still today, there is no specific therapy or COVID-19 and vaccines under study are not yet available. The following document contain therapeutic options suggested with basis in available information, until the date, in several studies with experimental treatment approaches. There were included studies with antiviral drugs, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, tocilizumab, vitamin D, anticoagulation, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta interferon, convalescent plasma and corticosteroids. It was concluded that, although some promising drugs had showed action, in vitro, to date, none therapy was actually safe and secure against the novel coronavirus in humans.

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