The mangrove zoning and landscape express the correlation between mangrove vegetation (density, biodiversity and species distribution) with environment factors like as water inundation, seatide, and soil properties. The research was conducted in Segara Anakan Lagoon to analysis community structure and mangrove landscape based on species distribution, biodiversity, environment factors, and mangrove zoning. The results showed that (a) Segara Anakan Lagoon had 4 mangrove zone's were dominated by Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora styllosa, and Nypa frutican; (b) the structure of ecosystem was showed by trend of mangrove ecosystem with equation y = 35.34x2 923.85x + 12817 with x = time (year) and y = mangrove area (ha), mangrove density between 1333367 ind ha-1 (West Segara Anakan) and 899–567 ind ha-1 (East Segara Anakan), dominated species were Nypa frutican, Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora apiculata, and Aegiceras corniculatum and mangrove biodiversity between 2,572,65 (moderate); (c) structure of environment factor showed single and semi double-type tides, water debit between 0.360.73 m s-1; water depth between 0.20–23.7 m and water inundation between 480cm; soil texture was clay and loam, soil nitrate of 1.5 mg 100 g-1, soil phosphate of 1.5 mg 100 g-1, C organic of 1.31%, soil pH of 6–7, and soil salinity of 6.5–10 ppt.

The abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton have correlation with mangrove conditions in coastal area. The mangrove degradation give negative impact for abundance and diversity phytoplankton and zooplankton. The research aimed to analysis and construct prediction model of abundance and biodiversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton in mangrove ecosystem. The research used the transect method (to determine mangrove density), filtering method (to analyze abundance of phytoplankton and zoopankton) and statistical method (to develop estimation modeling of plankton abundance). The results showed that (1) the mangrove density between 250 trees/Ha - 1250 trees/Ha (2) the phytoplankton abundance were 10.675 Indv/L (in mangrove rarely) - 24.290 indv/ L (in mangrove high density), (3) the zooplankton abundance were 261 Indv/L (in mangrove rarely) -  2.204 indv/L (in mangrove high density) (4) The modelling analysis showed that (1) the phytoplankton abundance (y) = 0.0303 x2 - 22.059 x + 13004 and (2) the zooplankton abundance (y) = 0.0057x2 – 5.39 x + 1458.2, with x = mangrove densityKeywords: phytoplankton and zooplankton, mangrove density, abundance, estuary and lagoon

The coastline changes depend on stability of coastal bodies, such as characteristics of sediment and coastal slope. This research aimed to determine the relationship between the rate of coastline changes with the characteristics of sediment and coastal slope. The coastline changes were analysed by Landsat satellite images in 1991, 1999 and 2017 used End Point Rate (EPR) method on Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) module. Sediment characteristics (grain size and sediment statistics mean, sorting, skewness and kurtosis) were analysed by dry sieves and hydrometer with graphical method. The coastal slope used ASTER DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data analysis. The results showed that coastline changes at Pangenan coast of Cirebon in 1991-1999, 1999-2017 and 1991-2017 had average accretion rate respectively was 10.72 m/year, 7.25 m/year, 8.97 m/year and average abrasion rate was -12.49 m/year, -9.67 m/year, -6.70 m/year. The sediments were dominated by coarse silt, that had characteristics, were very well sorted, very fine skewed and platykurtic. The coastal slope was categorized as flat. The conclusion of this research was the rate of coastline change had not significant correlation with sediment and coastal slope.

Sedimentation causes land accretion, silting river water, lagoon, and mangrove degradation. The current study aims to analyze the potential and the impact of sedimentation toward the potential of the lagoon and mangrove ecosystem in Segara Anakan Lagoon. The research methods used mapping analysis, total suspended solid analysis (TSS), sedimentation rate analysis, biodiversity analysis, and mangrove covering. The result showed that (1) the value of TSS between 0.25-1,16 g L-1 (2) sediment flux between 6,8 - 257,7 g m-2s-1 (3) annual rate of sedimentation in West Segara Anakan Lagoon (W-SAL) between 13.82 – 15.49 m yr-1. (4) The effects of sedimentation were (a) the remaining lagoon of West Segara Anakan Lagoon (W-SAL) which was 1.200 ha, (b) land accretion in W-SAL between 27.24 – 160.18 m (1994 – 2003) and 20.91 – 107.55 m (2003 2014), (c) the remaining mangrove of SAL less than 2594 ha (d) the mangrove diversity ranged between 0.48 – 1.71 (low – moderate), (e) the mangrove density of trees were 46 - 205 trees ha-1 (degraded) (5) mangrove landscape was developed to reduce the impact of sedimentation, especially the first zone of mangrove landscaping was dominated by Aegiceras Floridum, Avicennia Alba, Avicennia Marina, Sonneratia Caseolaris, and Sonneratia alba.

The development of macroalgal biorefinery products as an alternative source of renewable fuels is an opportunity to solve the dependence on fossil fuels. Macroalgae is a potential biomass that can be developed as a raw material for producing platform chemicals such as levulinic acid (LA). In the industrial sector, LA is among the top 12 biomass-derived feedstocks designated by the U.S. Department of Energy as a high-value chemical. Several studies have been conducted on the production of LA from terrestrial-based biomass, however, there is still limited information on its production from macroalgae. The advantages of macroalgae over terrestrial and other biomasses include high carbohydrate and biomass production, less cultivation cost, and low lignin content. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential and challenge of producing LA from macroalgae in the industrial sector and determine its advantages and disadvantages compared with terrestrial biomass in LA production. In this study, various literature sources were examined using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) method to identify, screen, and analyze the data of the published paper. Despite its advantages, there are some challenges in making the production of levulinic acid from macroalgae feasible for development at the industrial scale. Some challenges such as sustainability of macroalgae, the efficiency of pretreatment, and hydrolysis technology are often encountered during the production of levulinic acid from macroalgae on an industrial scale.

ABSTRAKTaman Wisata Perairan Kepulauan Anambas merupakan salah satu Kawasan Konservasi Laut (KKL) di Indonesia yang ditujukan untuk mewujudkan pengelolaan sumberdaya kelautan yang berkelanjutan, khususnya terumbu karang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui struktur komunitas terumbu karang, kondisi kualitas air ekosistem terumbu karang dan hubungan kualitas air terhadap struktur komunitas terumbu karang pada Taman Wisata Perairan Kepulauan Anambas. Data struktur komunitas karang diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode Line Intercept Transect, dan dianalisis menggunakan indeks ekologi dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase tutupan karang, indeks mortalitas, indeks keragaman dan indeks keseragaman secara berurutan tergolong dalam kriteria sedang, tinggi, sedang dan tinggi. Kondisi kualitas perairan secara keseluruhan ada pada kisaran optimum bagi habitat terumbu karang. Salinitas perairan memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap indeks mortalitas, sedangkan oksigen terlarut (DO) dengan mortalitas karang dan oksigen terlarut (DO) mempengaruhi indeks keragaman dari terumbu karang. Kata kunci: terumbu karang, taman wisata perairan

The water is an imperfect acoustic medium, acoustic energy can lost due to absorption and scattering thus resulting in transmission loss. The value of transmission loss in water is an important thing to know, for example in the application of active acoustic. This study aim is to determine the value of transmission loss in Tanjung Intan's cruise line, Cilacap. The acquisition of vessel's sound data was obtained by hydrophone and vessel data (distance) by CCTV. Both sound data and vessel data were connected to personal computer to record the audio and visual signal synchronously for three consecutive days. Results showed that vessel characteristics such as intensity, frequency and interval duration have a value of 43.35 (dB), 6613.54 (Hz) and 216.15 (ms) respectively. While the value of water absorption coefficient has a range of 500-900 dB/km, the estimated transmission loss value was between 5-11 dB/km.

The Southern Waters of Java included in 573 WPP has high fishing activity, which the most important commodity is Tuna. The number of Tuna catch are fluctuated which influenced by oceanography factors in the waters. Some of the factors that affect the catch are sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a, so this study aimed to determine the distribution, fluctuations in SST and chlorophyll-a, and its relationship to the Tuna catch. SST and chlorophyll-a data were downloaded from NASA, and Tuna catch data in 2017 was collected from Cilacap Fishing Port. The relationship between SST and chlorophyll-a with the catch was analyzed with cross correlation analysis. Distribution of SST and chlorophyll-a was higher in the east part and coastal areas compared to the western and offshore parts. SST and chlorophyll-a fluctuations are inversely proportional but have a very close relationship. SST in the western season and transition 1 an increase then a decline in the east season and transition II, while chlorophyll-a in the western season and transition I is lower than in the east season and transition II. The highest correlation between SST and catch in the time lag -3, while chlorophyll-a in the lag time -4.