Transmission Loss Estimation of Underwater Sound Based on the Noise Intensity Emmited by MV. Pengayoman IV in Tanjung Intan Cruise Line, Cilacap

Abstract

The water is an imperfect acoustic medium, acoustic energy can lost due to absorption and scattering thus resulting in transmission loss. The value of transmission loss in water is an important thing to know, for example in the application of active acoustic. This study aim is to determine the value of transmission loss in Tanjung Intan's cruise line, Cilacap. The acquisition of vessel's sound data was obtained by hydrophone and vessel data (distance) by CCTV. Both sound data and vessel data were connected to personal computer to record the audio and visual signal synchronously for three consecutive days. Results showed that vessel characteristics such as intensity, frequency and interval duration have a value of 43.35 (dB), 6613.54 (Hz) and 216.15 (ms) respectively. While the value of water absorption coefficient has a range of 500-900 dB/km, the estimated transmission loss value was between 5-11 dB/km.

Underwater noise of commercial vessels in Nusakambangan Strait and the relationship with distance

“…Indonesia is an archipelago country that has diverse resources requires vessel as a sea transportation to optimize the potential. Shipping for economic activities produce noise with certain characteristics (see McKenna et al, 2012;Erbe, 2002;Kipple & Gabriele, 2004;Hildebrand, 2004;Amoser et al, 2004;Blackwell & Greene, 2006;Hildebrand, 2009;Pine et al, 2016;Triwahyanti et al, 2018). Ships as a main transportation have developed dramatically due to the economic, trade and technological developments influencing an increase in the contribution of noise as one of the pollution sources in the waters.…”

“…Ships as a main transportation have developed dramatically due to the economic, trade and technological developments influencing an increase in the contribution of noise as one of the pollution sources in the waters. Shipping activity on a global scale is a major contributor to noise in waters (Hatch et al, 2008;McKenna et al, 2012;Soares et al, 2020) in addition to other sources of noise pollution such as marine biota (see Ladich, 2015;Amron et al, 2017;McKenna et al, 2017;Amron et al, 2018;Bussmann et al, 2020;Halliday et al, 2020) and physical processes in the waters (see Sanjana et al, 2010;Vargas-Salinas & Amézquita, 2014;McKenna et al, 2017;Amron et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020). As a main source of noise pollution in the waters, the sound of vessel is generally produced by propeller, main engine, auxiliary engine, flow noise, etc.…”

Noise Characteristics of Sea Waves Based on Its Height, Period and Breaking Waves

“…Water is an excellent medium for sound propagation because the molecules of water have a high-density level (Southall et al, 2007;Bradley and Stern, 2008;Slabbekoorn et al, 2010). The sources of sound in the waters come from anthropogenic activities (Hildebrand, 2009;Triwahyanti et al, 2018;Peng et al, 2016), aquatic biota (Kaatz 2002;Amron et al, 2017;Amron et al 2018) and physical processes in waters (Salinas and Amezquita, 2013;Barclay and Buckingham, 2013).…”