Introduction:The small intestine exhibits morphological and functional changes in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. This study was carried out to clarify the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in ameliorating the histopathological changes and the oxidative stress in small intestine of the diabetic rats. Material and Methods: For this purpose, 40 adult male Swiss albino rats (Sprague dawley strain) were divided into 4 groups (10 animals in each group); the control group, GABA treated group, the diabetic group and the fourth group was subjected to induction of diabetes and GABA treatment. All animals were sacrificed and specimens from jejunum were removed and processed for the histopathological examinations, cytomorphometric analysis and oxidative stress assessment. Results: In diabetic rats, Jejunal sections from the diabetic rats exhibited pleomorphism of villi, inflammatory cellular infiltration and edema in the villous core with lymphoid hyperplasia, an increase in goblet cells number was also observed with disappearance of Paneth cells or they were degranulated, increased crypt numbers and mucosal height and increased thickness of muscularis layer. Moreover, there was an increase in the oxidant biomarkers with decline in the antioxidant enzymes in Jejunal sections of the diabetic rats. Conclusion: Treatment of rats with GABA ameliorated the observed histopathological alterations, morphometric changes and improved the oxidant/ antioxidant statusof the jejunum in diabetic rats. Based on these results, it was concluded that GABA administration to rats ameliorated diabetes-induced jejunal histopathological and biochemical alterations.
The use of ionizing radiation exposure increases oxidative stress especially for cancer patients. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop antioxidants that prevent oxidative stress damage. Arabic gum is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mediator. The function of Arabic gum (Acacia arabica) in protecting against injury to the liver tissue caused by 5 Gy whole-body γ-irradiation was studied using histopathological and ultrastructure techniques. Forty-eight male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control (C), irradiated (R): rats were exposed to 5 Gy gamma-radiation as a single dose for 10 min., Arabic gum (AG) : rats were treated orally with 25 mg/kg/day AG for 3 weeks and AG + R. Experimental rats were treated orally with 25 mg/kg/day AG for one week before, and three weeks after irradiation, and were sacrificed after 7 and 21 days of irradiation. Gamma radiation was observed to affect the histopathology and ultrastructure of liver tissues, such as distorting the central vein with a highly dilated and delaminated endothelial lining, lymphocytic infiltration, many vacuolated hepatocytes with increased signs of karyolysis (disintegrated and fragmented chromatin) and pyknosis in hepatocytes nuclei, faint electron outer and inner membranes of mitochondria and increases in collagen fibers. On the other hand, treatment with AG ameliorated all of the previous histological and ultrastructure changes. Arabic gum showed a radio-protective effect and improved liver structure indicating that pre-treatment with Arabic gum is effective in lowering the incidence of the hepatic histopathological changes induced by gammaradiation with remarkable restoration of normal hepatocytes structure.
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