Orthodontists are accustomed to using teeth and auxiliary appliances, both intraoral and extraoral, to control anchorage. These methods are limited in that it is often difficult to achieve results commensurate with our idealistic goals. Recently, a number of case reports have appeared in the orthodontic literature documenting the possibility of overcoming anchorage limitations via the use of temporary anchorage devices—biocompatible devices fixed to bone for the purpose of moving teeth, with the devices being subsequently removed after treatment. Although skeletal anchorage is here to stay in orthodontics, there are still many unanswered questions. This article describes the development of skeletal anchorage and provides an overview of the use of implants for orthodontic anchorage.
a b s t r a c tBackground: Dental implant insertion torque is crucial for the success of the implant and the prosthesis. This in-vivo study was undertaken to determine the average insertion torque being applied to the dental implant while surgically placing it with a non-calibrated manual ratchet.Methods: Three dental surgeons placed a total of 45 dental implants (Touareg, ADIN, Afula, Israel) in 42 selected patients. Each surgeon placed 15 implants. Standardised protocols were followed to prepare the site to place the dental implant. Each implant was placed using a manual non-calibrated implant ratchet first. Once the implant was nearly placed, a manual calibrated torque gauge ratchet was used to place the implant in its final position and at that instance, the maximum final torque applied was noted on the torque gauge scale.
d nd th rd CASE REPORT www.djas.co.in ABSTRACT Erythema Multiforme is a rare, acute, inflammatory mucocutaneous condition caused by a hypersensitivity reaction with the appearance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the epithelium that induce apoptosis in keratinocytes, which leads to satellite cell necrosis. Reactions to drugs are quite common and are generally mild, hence not reported. However, occasionally life threatening reactions including Erythema multiforme major (Steven Johnson's syndrome) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis may occur. A wide spectrum of drugs can sometimes give rise to Erythema Multiforme. We report a case of Erythema Multiforme following administration of Non SteroidalAnti-Inflammatory Drugs.
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