This is the first prospective ROP study from a district NICU in India and compares with previously published urban data. If Western-screening guidelines are used in the rural scenario, we risk a significant proportion of infants being missed who may require treatment.

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Clear cell hidradenocarcinomas are extremely rare neoplasms, with very few well-documented cases reported in the literature. The most common sites are the head and neck regions. These tumors are histologically malignant but are not always aggressive. They are known for recurrence and may metastasize widely. Treatment is wide local resection. We report on a case of clear cell hidradenocarcinoma occurring over the eyelid together with a review of the literature.

Background:More than 90% of visual impairment can either be treated or avoided. Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness methodology provides valid estimates in short time to assess magnitude and causes of blindness.Aims:To estimate the prevalence and causes of blindness in persons above 50 years in Kolar, South India, using the above methodology.Materials and Methods:Sixty one clusters of 50 people aged above 50 years were selected by probability-proportionate to size sampling. Participants were evaluated using a standardized survey form. Persons with vision <20/60 were dilated and examined by an ophthalmologist.Results:Of the 3050 people listed 2907 were examined (95.3%). Prevalence of bilateral blindness in persons was 3.9%; severe visual impairment 3.5%, and visual impairment 10.4%. Untreated cataract was the leading cause of blindness (74.6%) and severe visual impairment (73.3%). Avoidable causes of blindness accounted for 91.2% of all blindness and 95.0% of severe visual impairment. ‘Waiting for maturity’ and ‘No one to accompany’ were the most common barriers to uptake of cataract surgery.Conclusion:Untreated cataract continues to be the leading cause of avoidable blindness. Modified strategies need to be implemented to tackle the burden of cataract blindness.

Purpose:Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is associated with itching, redness, tearing, pain, and burning sensation in the eyes. The inflammatory process is caused by the mechanism of immediate hypersensitivity due to direct contact with the allergen. This process triggers mast cells in the conjunctiva to activate and release mediators. The purpose of this study was to compare topical olopatadine and ketotifen in terms of effectiveness and safety for the management of AC.Methods:Patients clinically diagnosed with AC were randomized into two groups of 60 patients each and received either topical olopatadine HCl 0.1% or ketotifen fumarate 0.025%. They were followed up on the 4th, 15th, and 30th days to evaluate symptoms, signs, and quality of life (QOL) scoring.Results:There were a total of 120 patients (67 men and 53 women) with a mean age of 36.35 ± 11 years. Compared to baseline, scores of itching, tearing, redness, eyelid swelling, chemosis and papillae addition of all the individual scores mentioned above and QOL scores reduced significantly (P = 0.001) by the 4th and 15th days of olopatadine and ketotifen application. Compared with ketotifen, olopatadine significantly reduced itching, tearing, hyperemia, and total AC scores by the 4th day (P = 0.001) and conjunctival papillae by the 15th day (P = 0.001). Adverse reactions were reported in 10% and 18% of patients treated with olopatadine and ketotifen, respectively.Conclusion:Compared to ketotifen, olopatadine provided quicker relief of symptoms, and improved symptoms of AC and QOL, with fewer side effects.

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Background: To compare the visual outcome and complications of posterior iris claw lens and scleral fixated posterior chamber lens. Methods: Prospective interventional hospital based study. A minimum of 60 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria attending to R.L. Jalappa Hospital and Research centre, Tamaka, Kolar were selected for follow up study from December 2012 to June 2014. Results: 73.4% ICIOL & 63.3% SFIOL patients had final BCVA 6/18 -6/6. 23.33% ICIOL patients and 33.33% patients were found in 6/60-6/24 group. Only 3.33% patients were in less than 6/60 group. Mean logMAR BCVA in both the groups were comparable. So in ICIOL group 80 % patients and 76.6% in SFIOL group had vision better than preoperative VA. Mean IOP in both the groups was same. Surgical time in ICIOL was significantly less than SFIOL group (P=0.00). Complications rate was high in SFIOL group than ICIOL group. Suture related complications and hyphema was common in SFIOL group but all these complications were treated. Pupil peaking was more in ICIOL group. One ICIOL was disenclavated on the 1st week visit which was re-enclavated again. Conclusion: Our results suggest that both the lenses have good visual results but in terms of complications posterior iris claw lens offers low incidence of complications, less invasive and time saving surgery. However , selection and meticulous surgical technique are critical and strongly influences the success of the procedure.

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