Motivated by the results of Scott and Patel about "untangling" closed geodesics in finite covers of hyperbolic surfaces, we introduce and study primitivity, simplicity and non-filling index functions for finitely generated free groups. We obtain lower bounds for these functions and relate these free group results back to the setting of hyperbolic surfaces. An appendix by Khalid Bou-Rabee connects the primitivity index function f prim (n, F N ) to the residual finiteness growth function for F N .
Background: Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) has become more widely used during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) to avoid the complications of general anesthesia (GA).
Methods:We included consecutive patients who underwent transfemoral-TAVR at our institution between January 2012 and April 2017. We compared outcomes with GA versus MAC.Results: Of 998 patients, MAC was used in 43.9%. MAC was associated with shorter
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.