Depression is one of the most common complications in pregnancy. Pregnancy, however, makes women more vulnerable to psychological and emotional issues like anxiety, depression, stress & psychoses, which can have a negative impact on the mother and the foetus. Depression is one of the most common complications in pregnancy. Objective: To determine the frequency of depression in pregnant patients presenting to antenatal clinic in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Study Design: A Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Methodology: Total 250 females meeting the inclusion criteria were selected from the OPD. Then patients were assessed by using BDI scoring system by researcher herself. If BDI score was ≥11, then depression during pregnancy was labeled (as per operational definition). All this information was recorded through proforma (attached). Results: The mean age of the women was 32.37±8.10 years. There were 109(43.6%) women with less than equal to 20 weeks of gestational age and 141(56.4%) were having gestational age more than 20 weeks. The mean BDI score was 10.42±9.24. There were 45 (18%) women with depression and 205(82%) women were having no depression. Conclusion: In this study frequency of depression among pregnant women was 18%. However there was no significant association between depression and age, gestational age, parity, BMI and education status of women. Keywords: Depression, Pregnant women, Antenatal clinic.
Aim : To determine the long term impact of covid-19 infection on sleep and mental health. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Psychiatry, Ghulam Mohammad Mahar Medical College Sukkur from 1st April 2021 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: Fifty patients were enrolled after their positivity confirmation of coronavirus-19 through nasal swab test polymerase chain reaction. Categorization was done on the basis of disease severity. HRCT was performed for complete chest examination and grading of covid-19. Other laboratory tests were also done for day to day assessment of patient. Patients after their recovery were asked to follow up after six months of their disease. The demographic, gender, clinical history and clinical record were documented on a well-structured questionnaire. Co-morbidities associated were also recorded. Sleep and mental health were assessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index. This assessment tool is used to identify sleep disturbances. The scoring techniques use seven sub scores ranging between 0-3. Results: The mean age was 49.56±12.2 years with almost equal males and females. In 66% of the participants of severe group and critical group were suffering from poor sleep quality followed by non severe group. Phobic anxieties were more common in non-severe and severe cases while paranoid ideation was normal in severe cases but at borderline in critical cases. Paranoid ideation was more common in married as well as single patients. Conclusion: Corona virus badly influences normal sleep cycle and also leads towards various mental and psychological disorders. Keywords: Pittsburgh sleep quality index; COVID-19; Disease severity; Psychological disturbance
Background: Epilepsy is the neurological issue and disorder that causes fits or seizures, which are brief bursts of involuntary autonomic function or sensation caused by an excessive electrical discharge in the brain. Caregiving of such patient is a difficult experience that can have a negative impact on the caregiver's physical and mental health. Objective: To determine the frequency of depression in caregivers of patients with epilepsy Study Setting: Department of Psychiatry, Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Duration of Study: May 30, 2017 to November 29, 2017 Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study Subjects & Methods: A total of 130 caregivers of patients with epilepsy were enrolled. Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) was use to determine the depression in caregivers of epilepsy patients who were initially non-psychiatric patients,and the cut - off point of 8 or more above in depressive subscale indicated depression. Respondents with score of 8 and above in HADS depression sub-scale was considered to have depression. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS v22.0. Results: A total of 130caregivers of patients with epilepsy were included. Age range in this study was from 20 to 50years with mean age of 34.5±8.7years. Among 130caregivers of patients with epilepsy, 87(66.9%) were males and 43(33.1%) were females.Among caregivers of patients with epilepsy, 68(52.3%) had depression. Conclusion: Caregivers presented with high depression esteems as they didn’t have a top-quality of life. Keywords:Depression, Epilepsy, Caregivers.
Background: Drug abuse is a substance-related disorder in which a person uses a substance in quantities or ways that are hazardous to them or others. It has been known for some time that humans are susceptible to addiction. Symptoms of depression are particularly common in relatives of drug addicts. So we conducted this study to find the evidence in these case to know the extent of depression in relatives of drug abusers. Objective: To determine the frequency of depression in relatives of drug abusers presenting in outpatients department Material & Methods Study Design: It was cross sectional study Setting: Department of Psychiatry, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore Duration: 6 months after approval of synopsis i.e. from: 29-05-2017 to 29-11-2017 Data collection: After meeting the inclusion criteria 100 patients were enrolled. Then patients assessed by using HADS scoring system by researcher herself. If HADS score ≥11, then depression labeled. Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.33±13.99 years. There were 29 males and 71 female caregivers. About 24(24%) patients were illiterate. In this study the mean HADS score was 7.81±5.86. The depression in relatives of drug abusers was found in 26(26%) patients. Conclusion: According to this study the frequency of depression in relatives of drug abusers presenting in outpatients department is 26%. Keywords: Depression, Relatives, Drug Abuser, Hospital anxiety and depression scale, HADS
Objective: To evaluate the association of irritable bowel syndrome with somatization. Study Design: Prospective study Prospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gastroenterology, Chandka Medical College @ Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana from 1st May 2021 to 31st October 2021. Methodology: Fifty patients suffering from somatization were registered from the hospital based setting. Symptoms checklist 90 revised as SCL-90 revised psychopathological symptoms measuring tool was applied for measuring somatization. Gastrointestinal Symptoms-Rating Scale (GSRS) was also applied which used seven level Likert scale based on frequency, intensity of GI symptoms within last 7 days. Demographic information, clinical co morbidity associations, family history was also recorded. Results: Irritable bowel syndrome presented in only 14% males while it was seen in 34% females. High scored somatization was more common in females. The statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the severe abdominal pain between low and high somatization cases with IBS. A high scoring of indigestion and diarrhea was also noticed in the high somatization cases of IBS. High level of somatization (58% cases) was observed within the irritable bowel syndrome cases. Conclusion: Somatization exacerbates the symptom profile of irritable bowel syndrome patients that need to be timely and properly assessed. Key words: Somatization; Symptomology; Worsen, Disease management
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