Objective: To determine the frequency of ethnicity and other etiological factors of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, Department of gastroenterology. The study occurred from March 2018 to February 2019 for a total period of one year. All the patients diagnosed as the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma; age more than 20 years of both genders were included. All the patients were assessed regarding their ethnicity and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma. A self-made study proforma was used for the data collection and data was analyzed by using the SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 80 patients of hepatocellular carcinoma were studied, their average age was 53.12+9.69 years, average CLD known duration was 05.40+3.90 years and the average known duration of HCC was 01.17+0.79 years. Males were in majority 76.3% and 40.0% of the cases had advanced disease. According to the ethnicity of the cases, Sindhi patients were 70.0%, followed by 6.3% were Punjabi, 1.3% were Pathan, 7.5% were Baloch and 15.0% were others. HCV was the most common cause 83.8%, 7.5% cases had HBV, followed by 2 cases had HBV+HDV and one case had HCV and HBV co-infection, while four cases were NBNC HCC patients. Tumor stage was statistically insignificant according to ethnicity (p-0.495). Conclusion: Sindhi and Punjabi population was observed to be mostly affected and HCV was concluded the most common causative factor of hepatocellular carcinoma. Keywords: Ethnicity, causes, HCC
Objective: To determine the liver function assessment in the patients presented with hepatocellular carcinoma. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done at the gastroenterology departments of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad and Indus Medical College TM Khan. Patients with an age range of 20 to 70 years, both genders, and having hepatocellular carcinoma were included in the study. A 5 mL blood sample was taken from each participant and sent to the hospital diagnostic laboratory to assess the serum bilirubin level and albumin level. The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score was used for hepatic function. Data was collected using a self-made research proforma, and it was analyzed using SPSS 26. Results: A total of 58 cases having HCC were assessed regarding hepatic function. The mean age of the patients was 55.39+12.39 years. Males were in the majority 75.9%, and females were 24.1%. The majority of the patients (72.4%) had child Pugh class C, 12.1% had child Pugh class B, and 15.5% of the cases had child Pugh class A. Elevated bilirubin levels of albumin levels and Alpha-fetoprotein levels were significantly associated to the child Pugh class C (p= <0.05). Most of the cases, 67.3%, had an ALBI score > − 1.39, 10.3% cases had ALBI score − 2.59 to − 1.39, and 22.4% of patients had an ALBI score ≤ − 2.60. Conclusion: Severe hepatic dysfunction was observed to be frequently high among patients having hepatocellular carcinoma, as most of the cases had Pugh class C and ALBI stage 3. Due to the extremely small sample size used in this study, the results are not trustworthy. Keywords: HCC, Hepatic function, Bilirubin, Albumin, ALBI
Objective: To determine the frequency of hyperthyroidism in hypokalemic periodic paralysis Study Type: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Neurology, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana from 1st January 2016 to 30th June 2016. Methodology: Eighty four patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis of both sexes aged 18 to 60 years enrolled. Later on, the blood sample was collected and sends to LINAR Hospital for measurement of serum TSH, FT3 and FT4. The hormone assays was analyzed by chemiluminescence assay using ADVIA Centuar manufactured by SIEMENS NewYork. Results: The mean age was 40.24±9.96 years, 49 (58.3%) were males and 35 (41.7%) were females, 57 (67.9%) has duration of illness was >7 days and 27 (32.1%) had duration of illness >7 days. Mean TSH was 0.48±0.25, mean FT3 was 198.17±19.38 and mean FT4 was 19.43±6.65. The frequency of hyperthyroidism in hypokalemic periodic paralysis was 29 (34.5%) cases. Conclusions: The frequency of hyperthyroidism in hypokalemic periodic paralysis was 34.5%. Keywords: Hypokalemia, Periodic paralysis, Hyperthyroidism
Objectives: To determine the frequency of spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhotic patients with hepatic hydrothorax. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: Conducted in gastroenterology unit at Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad. Periods: One year from April 2016 to March 2017. Material & Methods: Sample of 174 patients of Hepatic Hydrothorax was taken. Patients were of both gender and age ≥ 18 years, having diagnosed cirrhosis since last 5 years and currently having child class B & C severity were included. Hepatic hydrothorax was confirmed on ultrasound chest. After aseptic measures 50ml of pleural fluid was aspirated and sent to Isra University Hospital laboratory following the ultrasound guidelines. Spontaneous bacterial empyema was assessed as “polymorph nuclear cell count” more than 500 cells/mm3 or +ve culture with PMN cell count more than 250 cells/mm3 without parapneumonic effusion. All the data was recorded in the proforma. Results: The mean ± SD age of patients was 53.52 ± 5.52 years. Males were 60.92% while 39.08% were females. The frequency of spontaneous bacterial empyema was about 14.9%. Frequency of spontaneous bacterial empyema was little more in male gender than females (p value = 0.391), while it was significantly increased with increasing age as most common in age group of 61-65 years (p-value = 0.017). Conclusion: It was concluded that spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhosis patients was 14.9%.
Objective: To evaluate the association of irritable bowel syndrome with somatization. Study Design: Prospective study Prospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gastroenterology, Chandka Medical College @ Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana from 1st May 2021 to 31st October 2021. Methodology: Fifty patients suffering from somatization were registered from the hospital based setting. Symptoms checklist 90 revised as SCL-90 revised psychopathological symptoms measuring tool was applied for measuring somatization. Gastrointestinal Symptoms-Rating Scale (GSRS) was also applied which used seven level Likert scale based on frequency, intensity of GI symptoms within last 7 days. Demographic information, clinical co morbidity associations, family history was also recorded. Results: Irritable bowel syndrome presented in only 14% males while it was seen in 34% females. High scored somatization was more common in females. The statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the severe abdominal pain between low and high somatization cases with IBS. A high scoring of indigestion and diarrhea was also noticed in the high somatization cases of IBS. High level of somatization (58% cases) was observed within the irritable bowel syndrome cases. Conclusion: Somatization exacerbates the symptom profile of irritable bowel syndrome patients that need to be timely and properly assessed. Key words: Somatization; Symptomology; Worsen, Disease management
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.