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The fish processing by‐products are generally predicted as low‐cost resources and used as feed for aquaculture and fertilizers for agriculture. This study aimed to extract collagen type‐I from fish‐discarded skin and their application in the fabrication of active food packaging films. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was used in collagen films as a cross linker and Berberis lyceum root extract (BLRE) as an antioxidant agent. Films prepared with BLRE presented outstanding features, such as high biodegradability, low transparency, and high UV‐Vis barrier properties. In addition, BLRE‐loaded films showed excellent antioxidant activities. Further, the exposure of the film to different food simulants showed higher antioxidant release in acidic, and alcoholic food simulants as compared to fatty food simulants. Additionally, these films were also used to wrap mushrooms in order to increase their shelf life. Hence, the present study encourages collagen extraction from fish waste and its use as biodegradable food packaging materials. Novelty impact statement Fish skin is an aquaculture waste but still contains a high amount of collagen type‐I, which can be used in combination with CMC to fabricate active food packaging films. These films incorporated with BLRE showed excellent antioxidant activities. Moreover, these films offered a high UV barrier and biodegradable properties. The film’s biodegradability in soil within 10 days increases their application as environmentally friendly materials. Further, these films can effectively prolong the shelf life of mushrooms. Therefore, the bioactive collagen‐CMC film provides an effective alternative to synthetic film to maintain the quality and prolong the shelf‐life of oily and dry food products.

Collagen and poly(vinyl alcohol) films as topical drug delivery systems were developed by plasticization with glycerol and different concentrations of choline acetate ([Cho]Ac) ionic liquid (IL). The results showed that [Cho]Ac improved the performance of the materials and can serve as an alternative to synthetic plasticizers such as glycerol. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) was used as a model drug to study its release behavior. Ready-to-use films were characterized for their optical opacity, solubility, swelling, mechanical properties, water contact angle, surface morphology, surface roughness, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. Moreover, X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) studies were carried out for molecular characterization of the films. [Cho]Ac used as a plasticizing agent showed excellent antioxidant properties, mechanical strength, and UV shielding properties. Further, [Cho]Ac improves the roughness and decreases the solubility of films. The in vitro release behavior of CIP was investigated at physiological pH (7.4), and the results showed that CIP was released in a more controlled manner due to the incorporation of [Cho]Ac into the films’ matrix, while the films constructed with glycerol exhibited burst release of CIP. Moreover, the films loaded with CIP showed excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) as well as Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. This study provides insight into the use of choline-based ILs as plasticizing agents for the fabrication of protein–polymer composite films for wound dressing and many other applications.

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Medicinal plants have been used form ancient times in treatment of many diseases. These plants are the cheap source of drugs and have very fewer side effects. Lepidium latifolium is an invasive plant belongs to Brassicaceae family. It found in the mountainous area of Ladakh. It used as a phytofood in the Ladakh area. It is used in treatment of many diseases due to its medicinal properties. It has several natural antioxidants which suppress the biological system. From ancient times, it mainly used as stomach tonics and diuretics. Although it also used in the treatment of other diseases like kidney related diseases, hypertension, diabetes and many more. It also has anti-tumor properties. Due to the mountainous region, Ladakh has very low temperature. Due to its physiological plasticity, Lepidium latifolium can grow in the extremely harsh conditions of Ladakh area. In this review, we will discuss about the medicinal properties and the light adaptation of Lepidium latifolium in Ladakh area.