DINAMIKA PERKEMBANGAN HIV/AIDS DI SULAWESI UTARA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PERSAMAAN DIFERENSIAL NONLINEAR SIR (SUSCEPTIBLE, INFECTIOUS AND RECOVERED) ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui dinamika perkembangan HIV/AIDS di Sulawesi Utara menggunakan model persamaan diferensial nonlinear SIR. Data yang digunakan adalah data jumlah penderita HIV/AIDS dan jumlah penduduk di Sulawesi Utara tahun 2007-2008 dari Badan Pusat Statistik dan Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Hasil analisis kestabilan berdasarkan nilai eigen matriks Jacobi memperoleh satu titik tetap bebas penyakit yaitu yang bersifat semi stabil karena fenomena ambang batas dengan nilai-nilai eigen dan . Bilangan reproduksi dasar penyakit HIV/AIDS di Sulut sebesar 4,155. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa akan terjadi epidemi penyakit HIV/AIDS dalam kurun waktu hingga 100 tahun ke depan. Kata kunci : Bilangan Reproduksi Dasar, HIV/AIDS, Kestabilan, Model SIR
Detection and localization of the dents on a vehicle body that occurs during manufacturing is critical to achieve the appearance quality of a new vehicle. This study proposes a region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) to detect and localize dents for a vehicle body inspection. For a better feature extraction, this study employed a lighting system, which can highlight dents on an image by projecting the Mach bands (bright-dark stripes). The R-CNN was trained using the highlighted images by the Mach bands, and heat-maps were prepared with the classification scores estimated from the R-CNN to localize dents. This study applied the proposed R-CNN to the inspection of dents on the surface of a car body and quantitatively analyzed its performances. The detection accuracy of the dents was 98.5% for the testing data set, and mean absolute error between the actual dents and estimated dents were 13.7 pixels, which were close to one another. The proposed R-CNN could be applied to detect and localize surface dents during the manufacture of vehicle bodies in the automobile industry.
Investors who invest in shares in the capital market would consider two things: the level of profit and loss or risk level. Expected return is the return expected by investors in the future and are uncertain (uncertainty). Return expectations and risk level has a positive relationship. The greater the risk of a security, the greater the expected benefits, and the smaller the risk of the securities, the smaller the profits. Investors would want a high profit and low risk, but it is not likely to happen for sure. In this case we can use the analysis of portfolio theory of Harry Markowitz proposed mathematical model to find the right solution. The principle of this model is to form a diversified stock and with some portfolio stock . The goal is to minimize the risk to a certain level of profit or profit-maximizing level with certain risks. Iinvestors can also determine the allocation of funds to be invested in a portfolio of shares. So that each investor will obtain an efficient portfolio choice and optimal. Keywords: Portofolio theory, return Abstrak Investor yang berinvestasi saham di pasar modal akan mempertimbangkan dua hal yaitu tingkat keuntungan dan tingkat kerugian atau resiko. Expected return adalah return yang yang diharapkan oleh investor di masa mendatang dan bersifat tidak pasti (uncertainty). Ekpektasi return dan tingkat resiko mempunyai hubungan yang positif. Semakin besar resiko suatu sekuritas, semakin besar return yang diharapkan, dan sebaliknya. Investor tentu menginginkan keuntungan yang tinggi dan resiko yang rendah, namun hal itu tidak mungkin terjadi secara pasti. Dalam hal ini kita dapat menggunakan analisa teori portofolio yang dikemukakan Harry Markowitz dengan model matematikanya untuk mencari solusi yang tepat. Prinsip dari model ini adalah dengan cara diversifikasi saham dengan membentuk berbagai portofolio saham. Tujuannya adalah meminimumkan resiko dengan tingkat keuntungan tertentu atau memaksimumkan tingkat keuntungan dengan resiko tertentu. Disamping itu juga investor dapat menentukan alokasi dana yang harus diinvestasikan pada portofolio sahamnya. Sehingga setiap investor akan memperoleh pilihan portofolio yang efisien dan optimal. Kata kunci: Teori Portofolio, return
PurposeSize fit and economic efficiency are two crucial aspects that need to be considered in designing a sizing system. However, there could exist a trade-off between those aspects in order to establish a practical sizing system. The purpose of this paper is to develop a sequential hybrid method of grid and optimization to generate a practical sizing system using anthropometric data.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed sequential hybrid method consisted of two sequential steps, which employs grid method and optimization method. In the initial step, the grid method creates primary grids that accommodate a designated percentage (e.g. 90%) of users with best size fit. In the subsequent step, the optimization method generated additional grids to provide acceptable fit, with minimum fit penalty scores for users unaccommodated by the primary grids. Our method was applied to the development of a sizing system for men's military jackets. The proposed method performances were evaluated in terms of accommodation percentage, size fit and number of sizing categories.FindingsOur proposed method resulted in 26 primary grids during the initial step, which cover 90% of users. Next, we generated six additional grids during the subsequent step that provide minimum fit penalty scores for the rest (10%) users.Originality/valueThe main contributions of this paper are as follows: consider accommodation percentage, size fit and number of sizing categories in the design of sizing system; combine the grid and optimization methods and evaluate a sizing system for men's military jackets. The proposed method is applicable to develop optimal sizing systems for multiple-size products.
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