Effects of button position on a soft keyboard: Muscle activity, touch time, and discomfort in two-thumb text entry

Chang, Joonho; Choi, Bori; Tjolleng, Amir; Jung, Kihyo

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2016.12.008

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Reducing the overall size of traditional keyboards, including the keys, is also known as compact or mini keyboards, studies reported theoretically [20] and empirically [6] that users may achieve a rate of 60 wpm. These devices are used equivalently to smartphones and despite bringing high mobility they are hard to use eye-free (without significant decrease of performances) [7] and they are mostly used with thumbs only, thus are prone to fatigue and muscular stress ('texting thumb' pain) [5,13], in particular for long productive works. Compactness, along with providing access to disabled users, has been explored by Half-QWERTY [22], a one-handed typing technique designed to facilitate skill transfer from two-handed typing.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keycube: Text Entry Evaluation with a Cubic Device

Brun

George

Vallerand

2020

Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keycube: Text Entry Evaluation with a Cubic Device

Brun

George

Vallerand

2020

Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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“…However, the button size of the soft keyboards is relatively becoming smaller, since more than 30 graphical buttons should be placed in the small size of touch-screens corresponding to the handy size of smartphones. Therefore, a soft keyboard on a smartphone is usually prone to more touch errors, which has a potential to degrade touch performance and user satisfaction [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, the soft keyboards are usually displayed on the lower part of a smartphone (lower than the halfway point). The lower location of the keyboards often induces a user to grasp the lower part of a smartphone, which could lead to different pattern and performance of thumb motions from grasping the middle part of a smartphone [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, Park and Han [10], [11] investigated the effects of button locations across the entire touch-screen of a PDA for one-thumb text entry. In addition, Chang et al [8] examined the locational effects of graphical buttons displayed on the lower half of a smartphone in twothumb interactions. Nevertheless, the locational effects of different sized buttons on a smartphone haven't been fully examined yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Button Width, Height, and Location on a Soft Keyboard: Task Completion Time, Error Rate, and Satisfaction in Two-Thumb Text Entry on Smartphone

Chang

Jung

2019

IEEE Access

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This paper examined touch performance and satisfaction as a function of button width, height, and location in two-thumb interactions on a soft keyboard. Thirty-two college students with an experience of smartphone-use were recruited for testing. Task completion time (s), error rate, and subjective satisfaction were measured for different combinations of button widths (4.0, 5.3, 6.7, and 8.0 mm), heights (4.0, 5.3, 6.7, and 8.0 mm), and locations (LT: left-top, LC: left-center, LB: left-bottom, RT: right-top, RC: right-center, and RB: right-bottom). Task completion times (0.83 s) at LC and RC were significantly shorter than the peripheral button locations (0.91 s). Satisfaction scores (1: highly dissatisfied ∼ 7: highly satisfied) at LB and RB (4.1) were significantly worse than the other buttons (4.8). The linear regression analyses with button widths and heights for button locations revealed that increasing button height had a relatively larger impact in improving task completion times and error rates at LT and RT than increasing button width. However, increasing button height or width rate at the other button locations had similar impacts on one another in improving the task completion times and errors.INDEX TERMS Button location, button size, soft keyboard, touch screen.

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“…FDI is on the adjacent surfaces of the thumb and index and APB is on the palm between the thumb and wrist. It is generally known that two muscles are used for using smartphone (Kwon et al, 2016;Chang et al, 2017). …”

Section: Finger Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

F8-3　The Effects of Smartphone Edge Display on EMG Activity of Thumb Muscles in One-handed Interaction

Chul

Hwangbo

Lee

et al. 2017

The Japanese journal of ergonomics

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of edge display of smartphone on thumb muscles activity of smartphone users. Sixty-six participants between 20 and 39 years were recruited in the experiment. Participants performed the two tasks which were touch and swipe, which were the most used tasks in smartphone. The independent variable was a smartphone display type (flat display, edge display). The experiment was conducted using a commercially available smartphone. Participants performed the tasks with two size of smartphone while walking or sitting. For checking muscles activity, we attached the surface electromyography (EMG) device to the subjects' hands (especially their thumbs). Two muscles, the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and the abductor pollicis brevis (APB), were chosen for this study. The results showed that only FDI muscles activity of the edge display smartphone was higher than that of the flat display smartphone, especially in big size smartphone conditions. This excessive muscle activity while using the edge display smartphone can cause musculoskeletal disorders to the user. This study suggests that the smartphone, which is a device that repeats the same thing over and over again, should be designed to decrease user muscle stress.

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Effects of button position on a soft keyboard: Muscle activity, touch time, and discomfort in two-thumb text entry

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Keycube: Text Entry Evaluation with a Cubic Device

Keycube: Text Entry Evaluation with a Cubic Device

Effects of Button Width, Height, and Location on a Soft Keyboard: Task Completion Time, Error Rate, and Satisfaction in Two-Thumb Text Entry on Smartphone

F8-3　The Effects of Smartphone Edge Display on EMG Activity of Thumb Muscles in One-handed Interaction

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Effects of button position on a soft keyboard: Muscle activity, touch time, and discomfort in two-thumb text entry

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Keycube: Text Entry Evaluation with a Cubic Device

Keycube: Text Entry Evaluation with a Cubic Device

Effects of Button Width, Height, and Location on a Soft Keyboard: Task Completion Time, Error Rate, and Satisfaction in Two-Thumb Text Entry on Smartphone

F8-3 The Effects of Smartphone Edge Display on EMG Activity of Thumb Muscles in One-handed Interaction

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F8-3　The Effects of Smartphone Edge Display on EMG Activity of Thumb Muscles in One-handed Interaction